2.7.1

Paper & Board: Scales of Production

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Scales of Production

Paper and boards can be produced en masse (in masses), continuous or batches.

Mass production of printer paper

Mass production of printer paper

The most popular papers such as laser jet paper for printers are produced en masse (in masses).
This makes manufacturing costs lower, resulting in a cheaper retail price.

Heavier papers

Heavier papers

The heavier boards or papers that have an increased amount of secondary processes can result in higher costs, this is simply because of the specialist nature of these paper/boards.

Rolls of paper

Rolls of paper

Rolls of paper are made as continuous production.
Products like kitchen rolls, for instance, are seen in nearly every home.
The high demand has lead to further improvements of cost and manufacturing which is passed onto the consumer.

Books

Books

Paperback and hardback books are different prices due to the density of hardback book covers.

Prototypes

Prototypes

One-off production or prototypes are often printed on high-quality laserjet printers.
This is slower but allows a design company to produce intended drafts of their graphics or prints.

1

Core Technical Principles

1.1

New & Emerging Technologies

1.1.1Industry 1.1.2Enterprise 1.1.3Sustainability 1.1.4People 1.1.5Culture & Society 1.1.6Environment 1.1.7Production Techniques & Systems 1.1.8Emerging Technologies & Design 1.1.9End of Topic Test - New & Emerging Technologies 1.1.10Exam-Style Questions - Emerging Technologies

1.2

Energy Generation & Storage

1.2.1Fossil Fuels & Nuclear 1.2.2Renewable Energy 1.2.3Energy Storage Systems

1.3

Developments in New Materials

1.3.1Modern Materials 1.3.2Smart Materials 1.3.3Exam-Style Questions - Smart Materials 1.3.4Composite Materials 1.3.5Technical Textiles

1.4

Systems Approach to Designing

1.4.1Inputs 1.4.2Processes 1.4.3Outputs 1.4.4Looped Systems

1.5

Mechanical Devices

1.5.1Types of Movement 1.5.2Levers 1.5.3Linkages 1.5.4Rotary Systems 1.5.5End of Topic Test - Designing & Mechanical Devices

1.6

Materials Categories

1.6.1Timbers 1.6.2Metals & Alloys 1.6.3Metals & Alloys 2 1.6.4Polymers 1.6.5Polymer Types 1.6.6Textiles 1.6.7Textile Types: Fibres 1.6.8Textile Types: Weave 1.6.9Paper & Boards

1.7

Material Properties

1.7.1Physical & Working Properties 1.7.2End of Topic Test - Materials 1.7.3Exam-Style Questions - Materials

2

Paper & Board: Specialist Technical Principles

2.1

Selection of Materials

2.1.1Paper & Boards 2.1.2Working with Paper & Boards

2.2

Paper & Board: Forces & Stresses

2.2.1Paper & Board: Forces & Stresses 2.2.2Cardboard & Paper

2.3

Paper & Board: Ecological & Social Footprint

2.3.1Paper & Board: Ecological & Social Footprint 2.3.2Paper & Board: The Six Rs 2.3.3Social Issues

2.4

Paper & Board: Sources & Origins

2.4.1Paper & Board 2.4.2End of Topic Test - Paper & Board

2.5

Paper & Board: Using Materials

2.5.1Paper & Board: Properties of Materials 2.5.2Paper & Board: Modification of Materials 2.5.3Paper & Board: Shape & Form

2.6

Paper & Board: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes

2.6.1Paper & Board: Forms 2.6.2Paper & Board: Types 2.6.3Paper & Board: Sizes 2.6.4Paper & Board: Standards Components

2.7

Paper & Board: Scales of Production

2.7.1Paper & Board: Scales of Production 2.7.2Exam-Style Questions - Scales of Production

2.8

Paper & Board: Specialist Techniques & Processes

2.8.1Paper & Board: Techniques & Processes 2.8.2Paper & Board: Quality Control

2.9

Paper & Board: Surface Treatments & Finishes

2.9.1Paper & Board: Surface Treatments & Finishes 2.9.2End of Topic Test - Specialist Techniques

3

Timber: Specialist Technical Principles

3.1

Timber: Selection of Materials

3.1.1Timber Based Materials 3.1.2Timber: Environment & Ethics

3.2

Timber: Forces & Stresses

3.2.1Timber: Forces & Stresses 3.2.2Timber

3.3

Timber: Ecological & Social Footprint

3.3.1Timber: Ecological & Social Footprint 3.3.2Timber: The Six Rs 3.3.3Timber: Social Issues 3.3.4Exam-Style Questions - Timber

3.4

Timber: Sources & Origins

3.4.1Timber 3.4.2Timber: Processing & Seasoning 3.4.3Manufactured Board 3.4.4End of Topic Test - Timber

3.5

Timber: Using Materials

3.5.1Timber: Properties of Materials 3.5.2Timber: Modification of Materials 3.5.3Timber: Shape & Form 3.5.4Timber: Shape & Form 2

3.6

Timber: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes

3.6.1Timber: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes

3.7

Timber: Scales of Production

3.7.1Timber: Scales of Production

3.8

Timber: Specialist Techniques & Processes

3.8.1Timber: Tools, Equipment & Processes 3.8.2Timber: Tools, Equipment & Processes 2 3.8.3Timber: Quality Control

3.9

Timber: Surface Treatments & Finishes

3.9.1Timber: Surface Treatments 3.9.2Timber: Finishes 3.9.3End of Topic Test - Specialist Techniques

4

Metal: Specialist Technical Principles

4.1

Metals: Selection of Materials

4.1.1Metal-Based Materials 4.1.2Ferrous Metals 4.1.3Non-Ferrous Metals 4.1.4Alloys 4.1.5Metals: Environment & Ethics

4.2

Metals: Forces & Stresses

4.2.1Metals: Forces & Stresses

4.3

Metals: Ecological & Social Footprint

4.3.1Metals: Ecological Footprint 4.3.2Metals: Social Footprint 4.3.3Metals: The Six R's 4.3.4Metals: Social Issues

4.4

Metals: Sources & Origins

4.4.1Origins of Metal 4.4.2Processing Metals

4.5

Metals: Alloy-Based Materials

4.5.1Types of Metal Alloys 4.5.2Alloying Elements 4.5.3Properties & Benefits 4.5.4Processing & Fabrication 4.5.5Applications of Alloys 4.5.6Metal Alloys in Industry 4.5.7Applications of Metal Alloys

4.6

Metals: Using Materials

4.6.1Properties of Metals 4.6.2Modification of Metals 4.6.3Metals: Shape & Form

4.7

Metals: Scales of Production

4.7.1Metals: Scales of Production

4.8

Metals: Specialist Techniques & Processes

4.8.1Metals: Tools 4.8.2Metals: Tools & Equipment 4.8.3Metals: Cutting, Forming & Machining Processes 4.8.4Metals: Joining, Casting & Heat Treatment Process

4.9

Metals: Quality Control

4.9.1Metals: Quality Control 4.9.2Metals: Quality Control Processes

4.10

Metals: Surface Treatments & Finishes

4.10.1Metals: Surface Treatments 4.10.2Metals: Surface Treatments for Metals 4.10.3Metals: Finishes 4.10.4Metals: Finishing Techniques for Metals

5

Polymers: Specialist Technical Principles

5.1

Polymers

5.1.1Polymers: Functionality & Aesthetics 5.1.2Polymers: Environment & Ethics 5.1.3Polymers: Sources, Origins & Properties 5.1.4Polymers: Forces & Stresses 5.1.5Polymers: Ecological & Social Footprint 5.1.6Polymers: The Six R's

5.2

Polymer Categories

5.2.1Categories of Polymers 5.2.2Thermoforming Polymers 5.2.3Thermosetting Polymers

5.3

Polymer Forms

5.3.1Polymers: Stock Forms 5.3.2Polymers: Shape & Form

5.4

Polymer Production, Techniques & Quality Control

5.4.1Polymers: Scales of Production 5.4.2Polymers: Specialist Techniques & Processes 5.4.3Polymers: Quality Control Systems: Tolerance 5.4.4Polymers: Finishes

6

Textiles: Specialist Technical Principles

6.1

Textile Materials

6.1.1Origin of Textiles 6.1.2Textile Industry

6.2

Selection of Materials

6.2.1Natural Fibres 6.2.2Synthetic Fibres 6.2.3Environmental Concerns 6.2.4Environmental Impact 6.2.5Ethical Challenges

6.3

Forces & Stresses

6.3.1Forces & Stresses

6.4

Ecological & Social Footprint

6.4.1Ecological Footprint 6.4.2Social Footprint 6.4.3Addressing Ecological & Social Footprints 6.4.4The Six R's 6.4.5Labour Conditions 6.4.6Social Issues 6.4.7Addressing Social Issues

7

Designing & Making Principles

7.1

Investigation & Data

7.1.1Iterative Design 7.1.2Primary & Secondary Data 7.1.3Market Research 7.1.4Ergonomics 7.1.5Specifications 7.1.6End of Topic Test - Investigation & Data 7.1.7Exam-Style Questions - Specifications

7.2

Environmental, Social & Economic Challenges

7.2.1Challenges 7.2.2Your Research

7.3

The Work of Others

7.3.1Designers 7.3.2Architects 7.3.3Product Design 7.3.4Industrial Designers 7.3.5Product Design Companies 7.3.6Textile Design Companies 7.3.7End of Topic Test - The Work of Others

7.4

Design Strategies

7.4.1Design Strategies

7.5

Communication of Design Ideas

7.5.1Design Communication

7.6

Prototype Development

7.6.1Prototype Development

7.7

Selection of Materials

7.8

Tolerances

7.8.1Tolerances

7.9

Material Management

7.9.1Managing Material 7.9.2Tools

7.10

Specialist Equipment

7.10.1Health & Safety

7.11

Specialist Techniques & Processes

7.11.1Specialist Techniques & Processes 7.11.2Surface Finishes 7.11.3End of Topic Test - Designing & Making

Jump to other topics

1

Core Technical Principles

1.1

New & Emerging Technologies

1.1.1Industry 1.1.2Enterprise 1.1.3Sustainability 1.1.4People 1.1.5Culture & Society 1.1.6Environment 1.1.7Production Techniques & Systems 1.1.8Emerging Technologies & Design 1.1.9End of Topic Test - New & Emerging Technologies 1.1.10Exam-Style Questions - Emerging Technologies

1.2

Energy Generation & Storage

1.2.1Fossil Fuels & Nuclear 1.2.2Renewable Energy 1.2.3Energy Storage Systems

1.3

Developments in New Materials

1.3.1Modern Materials 1.3.2Smart Materials 1.3.3Exam-Style Questions - Smart Materials 1.3.4Composite Materials 1.3.5Technical Textiles

1.4

Systems Approach to Designing

1.4.1Inputs 1.4.2Processes 1.4.3Outputs 1.4.4Looped Systems

1.5

Mechanical Devices

1.5.1Types of Movement 1.5.2Levers 1.5.3Linkages 1.5.4Rotary Systems 1.5.5End of Topic Test - Designing & Mechanical Devices

1.6

Materials Categories

1.6.1Timbers 1.6.2Metals & Alloys 1.6.3Metals & Alloys 2 1.6.4Polymers 1.6.5Polymer Types 1.6.6Textiles 1.6.7Textile Types: Fibres 1.6.8Textile Types: Weave 1.6.9Paper & Boards

1.7

Material Properties

1.7.1Physical & Working Properties 1.7.2End of Topic Test - Materials 1.7.3Exam-Style Questions - Materials

2

Paper & Board: Specialist Technical Principles

2.1

Selection of Materials

2.1.1Paper & Boards 2.1.2Working with Paper & Boards

2.2

Paper & Board: Forces & Stresses

2.2.1Paper & Board: Forces & Stresses 2.2.2Cardboard & Paper

2.3

Paper & Board: Ecological & Social Footprint

2.3.1Paper & Board: Ecological & Social Footprint 2.3.2Paper & Board: The Six Rs 2.3.3Social Issues

2.4

Paper & Board: Sources & Origins

2.4.1Paper & Board 2.4.2End of Topic Test - Paper & Board

2.5

Paper & Board: Using Materials

2.5.1Paper & Board: Properties of Materials 2.5.2Paper & Board: Modification of Materials 2.5.3Paper & Board: Shape & Form

2.6

Paper & Board: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes

2.6.1Paper & Board: Forms 2.6.2Paper & Board: Types 2.6.3Paper & Board: Sizes 2.6.4Paper & Board: Standards Components

2.7

Paper & Board: Scales of Production

2.7.1Paper & Board: Scales of Production 2.7.2Exam-Style Questions - Scales of Production

2.8

Paper & Board: Specialist Techniques & Processes

2.8.1Paper & Board: Techniques & Processes 2.8.2Paper & Board: Quality Control

2.9

Paper & Board: Surface Treatments & Finishes

2.9.1Paper & Board: Surface Treatments & Finishes 2.9.2End of Topic Test - Specialist Techniques

3

Timber: Specialist Technical Principles

3.1

Timber: Selection of Materials

3.1.1Timber Based Materials 3.1.2Timber: Environment & Ethics

3.2

Timber: Forces & Stresses

3.2.1Timber: Forces & Stresses 3.2.2Timber

3.3

Timber: Ecological & Social Footprint

3.3.1Timber: Ecological & Social Footprint 3.3.2Timber: The Six Rs 3.3.3Timber: Social Issues 3.3.4Exam-Style Questions - Timber

3.4

Timber: Sources & Origins

3.4.1Timber 3.4.2Timber: Processing & Seasoning 3.4.3Manufactured Board 3.4.4End of Topic Test - Timber

3.5

Timber: Using Materials

3.5.1Timber: Properties of Materials 3.5.2Timber: Modification of Materials 3.5.3Timber: Shape & Form 3.5.4Timber: Shape & Form 2

3.6

Timber: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes

3.6.1Timber: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes

3.7

Timber: Scales of Production

3.7.1Timber: Scales of Production

3.8

Timber: Specialist Techniques & Processes

3.8.1Timber: Tools, Equipment & Processes 3.8.2Timber: Tools, Equipment & Processes 2 3.8.3Timber: Quality Control

3.9

Timber: Surface Treatments & Finishes

3.9.1Timber: Surface Treatments 3.9.2Timber: Finishes 3.9.3End of Topic Test - Specialist Techniques

4

Metal: Specialist Technical Principles

4.1

Metals: Selection of Materials

4.1.1Metal-Based Materials 4.1.2Ferrous Metals 4.1.3Non-Ferrous Metals 4.1.4Alloys 4.1.5Metals: Environment & Ethics

4.2

Metals: Forces & Stresses

4.2.1Metals: Forces & Stresses

4.3

Metals: Ecological & Social Footprint

4.3.1Metals: Ecological Footprint 4.3.2Metals: Social Footprint 4.3.3Metals: The Six R's 4.3.4Metals: Social Issues

4.4

Metals: Sources & Origins

4.4.1Origins of Metal 4.4.2Processing Metals

4.5

Metals: Alloy-Based Materials

4.5.1Types of Metal Alloys 4.5.2Alloying Elements 4.5.3Properties & Benefits 4.5.4Processing & Fabrication 4.5.5Applications of Alloys 4.5.6Metal Alloys in Industry 4.5.7Applications of Metal Alloys

4.6

Metals: Using Materials

4.6.1Properties of Metals 4.6.2Modification of Metals 4.6.3Metals: Shape & Form

4.7

Metals: Scales of Production

4.7.1Metals: Scales of Production

4.8

Metals: Specialist Techniques & Processes

4.8.1Metals: Tools 4.8.2Metals: Tools & Equipment 4.8.3Metals: Cutting, Forming & Machining Processes 4.8.4Metals: Joining, Casting & Heat Treatment Process

4.9

Metals: Quality Control

4.9.1Metals: Quality Control 4.9.2Metals: Quality Control Processes

4.10

Metals: Surface Treatments & Finishes

4.10.1Metals: Surface Treatments 4.10.2Metals: Surface Treatments for Metals 4.10.3Metals: Finishes 4.10.4Metals: Finishing Techniques for Metals

5

Polymers: Specialist Technical Principles

5.1

Polymers

5.1.1Polymers: Functionality & Aesthetics 5.1.2Polymers: Environment & Ethics 5.1.3Polymers: Sources, Origins & Properties 5.1.4Polymers: Forces & Stresses 5.1.5Polymers: Ecological & Social Footprint 5.1.6Polymers: The Six R's

5.2

Polymer Categories

5.2.1Categories of Polymers 5.2.2Thermoforming Polymers 5.2.3Thermosetting Polymers

5.3

Polymer Forms

5.3.1Polymers: Stock Forms 5.3.2Polymers: Shape & Form

5.4

Polymer Production, Techniques & Quality Control

5.4.1Polymers: Scales of Production 5.4.2Polymers: Specialist Techniques & Processes 5.4.3Polymers: Quality Control Systems: Tolerance 5.4.4Polymers: Finishes

6

Textiles: Specialist Technical Principles

6.1

Textile Materials

6.1.1Origin of Textiles 6.1.2Textile Industry

6.2

Selection of Materials

6.2.1Natural Fibres 6.2.2Synthetic Fibres 6.2.3Environmental Concerns 6.2.4Environmental Impact 6.2.5Ethical Challenges

6.3

Forces & Stresses

6.3.1Forces & Stresses

6.4

Ecological & Social Footprint

6.4.1Ecological Footprint 6.4.2Social Footprint 6.4.3Addressing Ecological & Social Footprints 6.4.4The Six R's 6.4.5Labour Conditions 6.4.6Social Issues 6.4.7Addressing Social Issues

7

Designing & Making Principles

7.1

Investigation & Data

7.1.1Iterative Design 7.1.2Primary & Secondary Data 7.1.3Market Research 7.1.4Ergonomics 7.1.5Specifications 7.1.6End of Topic Test - Investigation & Data 7.1.7Exam-Style Questions - Specifications

7.2

Environmental, Social & Economic Challenges

7.2.1Challenges 7.2.2Your Research

7.3

The Work of Others

7.3.1Designers 7.3.2Architects 7.3.3Product Design 7.3.4Industrial Designers 7.3.5Product Design Companies 7.3.6Textile Design Companies 7.3.7End of Topic Test - The Work of Others

7.4

Design Strategies

7.4.1Design Strategies

7.5

Communication of Design Ideas

7.5.1Design Communication

7.6

Prototype Development

7.6.1Prototype Development

7.7

Selection of Materials

7.8

Tolerances

7.8.1Tolerances

7.9

Material Management

7.9.1Managing Material 7.9.2Tools

7.10

Specialist Equipment

7.10.1Health & Safety

7.11

Specialist Techniques & Processes

7.11.1Specialist Techniques & Processes 7.11.2Surface Finishes 7.11.3End of Topic Test - Designing & Making

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Paper & Board: Standards Components

Exam-Style Questions - Scales of Production