2.1.1
Paper & Boards
Papers and Boards
Papers and Boards
Papers and boards are made up of a pulp which is a combination of water and cellulose fibres. There is a very large proportion of water in this mix, often up to 99%.
![Illustrative background for Sustainable paper production](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/memory-location-images/Mount Fuji, Japan-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Sustainable paper production ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/memory-location-images/Mount Fuji, Japan-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Sustainable paper production
Sustainable paper production
- The countries that produce the most amount of paper are: Japan, USA and China.
- Paper production in the UK is also huge; there are huge paper production mills that produce tonnes of paper every year.
- A paper mill company in Scotland is responsible for Typhoo’s tea tags and have to work hard to ensure they meet the demand.
![Illustrative background for Environmental issues](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/4.1.1 Photosynthesis/forest-2960091_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Environmental issues ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/4.1.1 Photosynthesis/forest-2960091_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Environmental issues
Environmental issues
- Unfortunately, there are environmental issues associated with the manufacturing of paper and the extraction of the raw materials needed to produce paper.
- For example, a large number of trees must be cut down to make paper.
- During the process of photosynthesis, trees intake carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.
- As trees are cut down for the production of paper, less oxygen is released into our atmosphere.
![Illustrative background for Paper disposal](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/2a237b6c-5f2b-4f34-b392-5f5732d29292/rubbish-143465_1920,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Paper disposal ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/2a237b6c-5f2b-4f34-b392-5f5732d29292/rubbish-143465_1920,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Paper disposal
Paper disposal
- If the paper is discarded on a landfill then it results in the paper decomposing.
- This releases methane which is one of the main culprits to global warming effects.
![Illustrative background for Recycling paper](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-03/59f5cd9f-5fb1-41b9-a2b9-6616548d8e57/recycle-dt-,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Recycling paper ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-03/59f5cd9f-5fb1-41b9-a2b9-6616548d8e57/recycle-dt-,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Recycling paper
Recycling paper
- In recycling, we can use 50-70% less energy to reproduce paper which helps reduce the amount of power we use from production mills.
- High-quality glossy paper is recycled and then can be used for high-quality recycled paper.
![Illustrative background for Recycled toilet paper](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-03/a2cbd271-e83c-4a3c-96d4-273ed8886abb/toilet-paper-roll-,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Recycled toilet paper ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-03/a2cbd271-e83c-4a3c-96d4-273ed8886abb/toilet-paper-roll-,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Recycled toilet paper
Recycled toilet paper
- Recycled toilet paper is made to not only save the environment but to save on costs.
- Recycled toilet paper costs less to make than a virgin (from scratch) toilet paper, which means that it will also cost less for a customer to buy,
![Illustrative background for Board recycling](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/10.1.2 Alternative methods of extracting metals/recycling-704518_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Board recycling ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/10.1.2 Alternative methods of extracting metals/recycling-704518_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Board recycling
Board recycling
- Boards take longer to recycle but are commonly recycled using coloured bins.
- In Britain, councils are still trying to increase the awareness of recycling to aid the message of recycling.
1Core Technical Principles
1.1New & Emerging Technologies
1.2Energy Generation & Storage
1.3Developments in New Materials
1.4Systems Approach to Designing
1.5Mechanical Devices
1.6Materials Categories
2Paper & Board: Specialist Technical Principles
2.1Selection of Materials
2.2Paper & Board: Forces & Stresses
2.3Paper & Board: Ecological & Social Footprint
2.4Paper & Board: Sources & Origins
2.5Paper & Board: Using Materials
2.6Paper & Board: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes
2.7Paper & Board: Scales of Production
2.8Paper & Board: Specialist Techniques & Processes
2.9Paper & Board: Surface Treatments & Finishes
3Timber: Specialist Technical Principles
3.1Timber: Selection of Materials
3.2Timber: Forces & Stresses
3.3Timber: Ecological & Social Footprint
3.4Timber: Sources & Origins
3.5Timber: Using Materials
3.6Timber: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes
3.7Timber: Scales of Production
3.8Timber: Specialist Techniques & Processes
3.9Timber: Surface Treatments & Finishes
4Metal: Specialist Technical Principles
4.1Metals: Selection of Materials
4.2Metals: Forces & Stresses
4.3Metals: Ecological & Social Footprint
4.4Metals: Sources & Origins
4.5Metals: Alloy-Based Materials
4.6Metals: Using Materials
4.7Metals: Scales of Production
4.8Metals: Specialist Techniques & Processes
4.9Metals: Quality Control
4.10Metals: Surface Treatments & Finishes
5Polymers: Specialist Technical Principles
5.1Polymers
5.2Polymer Categories
5.3Polymer Forms
5.4Polymer Production, Techniques & Quality Control
6Textiles: Specialist Technical Principles
6.1Textile Materials
6.2Selection of Materials
6.3Forces & Stresses
7Designing & Making Principles
7.1Investigation & Data
7.2Environmental, Social & Economic Challenges
7.3The Work of Others
7.4Design Strategies
7.5Communication of Design Ideas
7.6Prototype Development
7.7Selection of Materials
7.8Tolerances
7.9Material Management
7.10Specialist Equipment
7.11Specialist Techniques & Processes
Jump to other topics
1Core Technical Principles
1.1New & Emerging Technologies
1.2Energy Generation & Storage
1.3Developments in New Materials
1.4Systems Approach to Designing
1.5Mechanical Devices
1.6Materials Categories
2Paper & Board: Specialist Technical Principles
2.1Selection of Materials
2.2Paper & Board: Forces & Stresses
2.3Paper & Board: Ecological & Social Footprint
2.4Paper & Board: Sources & Origins
2.5Paper & Board: Using Materials
2.6Paper & Board: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes
2.7Paper & Board: Scales of Production
2.8Paper & Board: Specialist Techniques & Processes
2.9Paper & Board: Surface Treatments & Finishes
3Timber: Specialist Technical Principles
3.1Timber: Selection of Materials
3.2Timber: Forces & Stresses
3.3Timber: Ecological & Social Footprint
3.4Timber: Sources & Origins
3.5Timber: Using Materials
3.6Timber: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes
3.7Timber: Scales of Production
3.8Timber: Specialist Techniques & Processes
3.9Timber: Surface Treatments & Finishes
4Metal: Specialist Technical Principles
4.1Metals: Selection of Materials
4.2Metals: Forces & Stresses
4.3Metals: Ecological & Social Footprint
4.4Metals: Sources & Origins
4.5Metals: Alloy-Based Materials
4.6Metals: Using Materials
4.7Metals: Scales of Production
4.8Metals: Specialist Techniques & Processes
4.9Metals: Quality Control
4.10Metals: Surface Treatments & Finishes
5Polymers: Specialist Technical Principles
5.1Polymers
5.2Polymer Categories
5.3Polymer Forms
5.4Polymer Production, Techniques & Quality Control
6Textiles: Specialist Technical Principles
6.1Textile Materials
6.2Selection of Materials
6.3Forces & Stresses
7Designing & Making Principles
7.1Investigation & Data
7.2Environmental, Social & Economic Challenges
7.3The Work of Others
7.4Design Strategies
7.5Communication of Design Ideas
7.6Prototype Development
7.7Selection of Materials
7.8Tolerances
7.9Material Management
7.10Specialist Equipment
7.11Specialist Techniques & Processes
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