1.6.2
Metals & Alloys
Metals and Alloys
Metals and Alloys
Metals are split into three categories ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals and alloys.
![Illustrative background for Ferrous metals](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/1.1.4 - Metals/chain-566778_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Ferrous metals ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/1.1.4 - Metals/chain-566778_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Ferrous metals
Ferrous metals
- Ferrous metals have the following characteristics:
- These metals contain iron (ferrite).
- These metals are magnetic.
- These metals without a protective coating will rust if exposed to moisture.
- Other metals and compounds can be mixed with these metals to enhance their properties such as carbon.
![Illustrative background for Common ferrous metals](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/2.3.2 Giant Covalent Structures/steel-girder,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Common ferrous metals ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/2.3.2 Giant Covalent Structures/steel-girder,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Common ferrous metals
Common ferrous metals
- Common types of ferrous metals include:
- Mild steel.
- Steel.
- Cast iron.
![Illustrative background for Non-ferrous metals](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/4.1.1 Creating Permanent Magnets/Magnet-iron-filings,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Non-ferrous metals ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/4.1.1 Creating Permanent Magnets/Magnet-iron-filings,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Non-ferrous metals
Non-ferrous metals
- Non-ferrous metals have the following characteristics:
- These metals do not contain iron (ferrite).
- These groups of metals are generally not magnetic.
- These metals do not rust.
- These metals can oxidise which causes the surface of the metals to change colour. This rarely affects its characteristics but can make it more visually appealing.
![Illustrative background for Common non-ferrous metals](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/b6758f05-f0f6-4ca1-bd10-a3acdbeaab76/gold-bar-treasure-,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Common non-ferrous metals ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/b6758f05-f0f6-4ca1-bd10-a3acdbeaab76/gold-bar-treasure-,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Common non-ferrous metals
Common non-ferrous metals
- Common types of non-ferrous metals include:
- Copper.
- Gold.
- Silver.
- Platinum.
![Illustrative background for Alloys](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/AQA New Modules/1.3.1/metal springs,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Alloys ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/AQA New Modules/1.3.1/metal springs,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Alloys
Alloys
- Alloys have the following characteristics:
- Alloys are a result of two or more metals mixed together, where at least one is a pure metal (non-ferrous).
- These metals are combined to improve their working properties.
- These metals are combined to improve their aesthetics.
![Illustrative background for Common alloys](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/10.3.1 Using materials/saxophone-music-gold-gloss-45243-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Common alloys ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/10.3.1 Using materials/saxophone-music-gold-gloss-45243-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Common alloys
Common alloys
- Common types of alloys include:
- Brass.
- Stainless steel.
- Tungsten.
- Cobalt.
Ferrous Metals
Ferrous Metals
Ferrous metals are commonly used in everyday objects such as car body parts. They could even be used in some of your GCSE projects.
![Illustrative background for Low carbon steel](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/2.4.1 - Heart diseases/leaking-pipe - Edited-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Low carbon steel ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/2.4.1 - Heart diseases/leaking-pipe - Edited-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Low carbon steel
Low carbon steel
- Bright grey in appearance with a smooth texture.
- This metal will oxidise (rust) if not protected.
- Low carbon steel is tough and ductile.
- This metal can be formed, welded and brazed easily.
![Illustrative background for Common uses of low carbon steel](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2020-05/0a6bc778-5819-4411-b3ad-fb884e9cbaeb/car-parts-,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Common uses of low carbon steel ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2020-05/0a6bc778-5819-4411-b3ad-fb884e9cbaeb/car-parts-,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Common uses of low carbon steel
Common uses of low carbon steel
- Common uses of low carbon steel include:
- Car body parts.
- Nuts and bolts.
- Screws.
- Nails.
- Steel beams on the building industry.
![Illustrative background for High carbon steel](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/10.4.2 NPK fertilisers/scissors-1008908_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for High carbon steel ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/10.4.2 NPK fertilisers/scissors-1008908_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
High carbon steel
High carbon steel
- Bright grey in appearance with a smooth texture.
- This metal will oxidise (rust) if not protected.
- Much harder than low carbon steel due to carbon content.
- This metal is less ductile and very hard wearing.
![Illustrative background for Common uses of high carbon steel](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/10.1.2 Alternative methods of extracting metals/tools-2423826_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Common uses of high carbon steel ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/10.1.2 Alternative methods of extracting metals/tools-2423826_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Common uses of high carbon steel
Common uses of high carbon steel
- Common uses of high carbon steel include:
- Blades.
- Scissors.
- Tools.
- Wood and metal cutting tools, such as drill bits.
![Illustrative background for Cast iron](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/20d65805-dd85-486c-81cc-c94bd1746aa3/english-phone-booth-box-rural-countryside-country-,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Cast iron ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/20d65805-dd85-486c-81cc-c94bd1746aa3/english-phone-booth-box-rural-countryside-country-,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Cast iron
Cast iron
- Dull grey in appearance with a rough texture.
- This metal is less prone to oxidisation (rust).
- Very hard but can be brittle when the metal is thin in cross section.
- This metal can be cast into complex shapes.
![Illustrative background for Common uses of cast iron](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/f206f77f-5553-4521-a5b2-14bead8d4cbc/shutterstock_263124758,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Common uses of cast iron ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/f206f77f-5553-4521-a5b2-14bead8d4cbc/shutterstock_263124758,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Common uses of cast iron
Common uses of cast iron
- Common uses of cast iron include:
- Kitchen pots and pans.
- Manhole covers.
- Post boxes.
- Heavy-duty bases, such as those used to secure parasols.
1Core Technical Principles
1.1New & Emerging Technologies
1.2Energy Generation & Storage
1.3Developments in New Materials
1.4Systems Approach to Designing
1.5Mechanical Devices
1.6Materials Categories
2Paper & Board: Specialist Technical Principles
2.1Selection of Materials
2.2Paper & Board: Forces & Stresses
2.3Paper & Board: Ecological & Social Footprint
2.4Paper & Board: Sources & Origins
2.5Paper & Board: Using Materials
2.6Paper & Board: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes
2.7Paper & Board: Scales of Production
2.8Paper & Board: Specialist Techniques & Processes
2.9Paper & Board: Surface Treatments & Finishes
3Timber: Specialist Technical Principles
3.1Timber: Selection of Materials
3.2Timber: Forces & Stresses
3.3Timber: Ecological & Social Footprint
3.4Timber: Sources & Origins
3.5Timber: Using Materials
3.6Timber: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes
3.7Timber: Scales of Production
3.8Timber: Specialist Techniques & Processes
3.9Timber: Surface Treatments & Finishes
4Metal: Specialist Technical Principles
4.1Metals: Selection of Materials
4.2Metals: Forces & Stresses
4.3Metals: Ecological & Social Footprint
4.4Metals: Sources & Origins
4.5Metals: Alloy-Based Materials
4.6Metals: Using Materials
4.7Metals: Scales of Production
4.8Metals: Specialist Techniques & Processes
4.9Metals: Quality Control
4.10Metals: Surface Treatments & Finishes
5Polymers: Specialist Technical Principles
5.1Polymers
5.2Polymer Categories
5.3Polymer Forms
5.4Polymer Production, Techniques & Quality Control
6Textiles: Specialist Technical Principles
6.1Textile Materials
6.2Selection of Materials
6.3Forces & Stresses
7Designing & Making Principles
7.1Investigation & Data
7.2Environmental, Social & Economic Challenges
7.3The Work of Others
7.4Design Strategies
7.5Communication of Design Ideas
7.6Prototype Development
7.7Selection of Materials
7.8Tolerances
7.9Material Management
7.10Specialist Equipment
7.11Specialist Techniques & Processes
Jump to other topics
1Core Technical Principles
1.1New & Emerging Technologies
1.2Energy Generation & Storage
1.3Developments in New Materials
1.4Systems Approach to Designing
1.5Mechanical Devices
1.6Materials Categories
2Paper & Board: Specialist Technical Principles
2.1Selection of Materials
2.2Paper & Board: Forces & Stresses
2.3Paper & Board: Ecological & Social Footprint
2.4Paper & Board: Sources & Origins
2.5Paper & Board: Using Materials
2.6Paper & Board: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes
2.7Paper & Board: Scales of Production
2.8Paper & Board: Specialist Techniques & Processes
2.9Paper & Board: Surface Treatments & Finishes
3Timber: Specialist Technical Principles
3.1Timber: Selection of Materials
3.2Timber: Forces & Stresses
3.3Timber: Ecological & Social Footprint
3.4Timber: Sources & Origins
3.5Timber: Using Materials
3.6Timber: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes
3.7Timber: Scales of Production
3.8Timber: Specialist Techniques & Processes
3.9Timber: Surface Treatments & Finishes
4Metal: Specialist Technical Principles
4.1Metals: Selection of Materials
4.2Metals: Forces & Stresses
4.3Metals: Ecological & Social Footprint
4.4Metals: Sources & Origins
4.5Metals: Alloy-Based Materials
4.6Metals: Using Materials
4.7Metals: Scales of Production
4.8Metals: Specialist Techniques & Processes
4.9Metals: Quality Control
4.10Metals: Surface Treatments & Finishes
5Polymers: Specialist Technical Principles
5.1Polymers
5.2Polymer Categories
5.3Polymer Forms
5.4Polymer Production, Techniques & Quality Control
6Textiles: Specialist Technical Principles
6.1Textile Materials
6.2Selection of Materials
6.3Forces & Stresses
7Designing & Making Principles
7.1Investigation & Data
7.2Environmental, Social & Economic Challenges
7.3The Work of Others
7.4Design Strategies
7.5Communication of Design Ideas
7.6Prototype Development
7.7Selection of Materials
7.8Tolerances
7.9Material Management
7.10Specialist Equipment
7.11Specialist Techniques & Processes
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