Science: KS3 revision notes
1 Biology
1.1 Cells, Tissues & Organs
- 1.1.1 Microscopes
- 1.1.2 Magnification
- 1.1.3 Multicellular Organisms
- 1.1.4 Tissues
- 1.1.5 Organs
- 1.1.6 Unicellular Organisms
- 1.1.7 Diffusion
- 1.1.8 Factors Affecting Diffusion
- 1.1.9 Plant Cells
- 1.1.10 Cellulose
- 1.1.11 Plant Tissues
- 1.1.12 Leaves
- 1.1.13 Animal Cells
- 1.1.14 Comparing Animal & Plant Cells
- 1.1.15 How to Make a Model Animal & Plant Cell
- 1.1.16 Specialised Cells
- 1.1.17 Stem Cells
- 1.1.18 Uses of Stem Cells
- 1.1.19 Disadvantages of Stem Cells
- 1.1.20 Blood Components
- 1.1.21 Platelets
- 1.1.22 The Lungs
- 1.1.23 Breathing
- 1.1.24 Plant Gas Exchange
- 1.1.25 Drugs
- 1.1.26 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Microbes
- 1.1.27 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Diff. vs Specialised
- 1.1.28 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Types of Cell
- 1.1.29 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Plants & Animal Cells
- 1.1.30 End of Topic Test - Magnification & Cells
- 1.1.31 End of Topic Test - Cells & Organisation
- 1.1.32 End of Topic Test - Living Organisms
1.2 Reproduction & Variation
- 1.2.1 Reproduction in Humans
- 1.2.2 Male Reproductive System
- 1.2.3 Female Reproductive System
- 1.2.4 Gestation
- 1.2.5 Pregnancy
- 1.2.6 Puberty
- 1.2.7 The Menstrual Cycle
- 1.2.8 Reproduction in Plants
- 1.2.9 Asexual Reproduction
- 1.2.10 Advantages of Asexual Reproduction
- 1.2.11 Adaptations
- 1.2.12 Evolution
- 1.2.13 Pollination
- 1.2.14 Dispersal Method
- 1.2.15 Variation
- 1.2.16 Causes of Variation
- 1.2.17 Inheritance
- 1.2.18 Species & Selective Breeding
- 1.2.19 Genetic Conditions - Cystic Fibrosis
- 1.2.20 Genetic Conditions - Haemophilia
- 1.2.21 End of Topic Test - Reproduction & Puberty
- 1.2.22 End of Topic Test - Reproduction & Variation
- 1.2.23 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Asexual
1.3 Ecological Relationships & Classification
- 1.3.1 Species Interdependence
- 1.3.2 Food Chains & Webs
- 1.3.3 Changes to Food Webs - Plants
- 1.3.4 Changes to Food Webs - Animals
- 1.3.5 Changes to Food Webs - Factors
- 1.3.6 Relationships in an Ecosystem
- 1.3.7 The Impact of Environmental Change
- 1.3.8 Decomposers
- 1.3.9 Decay
- 1.3.10 Assessing Ecosystems
- 1.3.11 Ecological Sampling - Quadrats
- 1.3.12 Ecological Sampling
- 1.3.13 Required Practical - Estimating Population Size
- 1.3.14 Pyramids of Number & Biomass
- 1.3.15 Classification of Living Organisms
- 1.3.16 Competition Between Organisms
- 1.3.17 Adaptations of Plants
- 1.3.18 Natural Selection
- 1.3.19 Evidence for Evolution
- 1.3.20 Environmental Changes & Extinctions
- 1.3.21 The Importance of Biodiversity
- 1.3.22 Bioaccumulation
- 1.3.23 Bioaccumulation - DDT & Mercury
- 1.3.24 End of Topic Test - Food Webs
- 1.3.25 End of Topic Test - Material Cycles & Energy
- 1.3.26 End of Topic Test - Population & Evolution
1.4 Digestion & Nutrition
- 1.4.1 Balanced Diets
- 1.4.2 Vitamins
- 1.4.3 Minerals
- 1.4.4 Protein
- 1.4.5 Lipids, Oils & Fats
- 1.4.6 Carbohydrates
- 1.4.7 Starch
- 1.4.8 Energy Needs
- 1.4.9 Dietary Fibre
- 1.4.10 Diseases Caused by Nutritional Deficiencies
- 1.4.11 Digestion
- 1.4.12 Enzymes in Digestion
- 1.4.13 Required Practical - Enzymes in Digestion
- 1.4.14 Plant Nutrition
- 1.4.15 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Digestion
- 1.4.16 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Excretion vs Egestion
- 1.4.17 End of Topic Test - Nutrition
1.5 Plants & Photosynthesis
- 1.5.1 Roots
- 1.5.2 Photosynthesis
- 1.5.3 Leaves in Photosynthesis
- 1.5.4 Rate of Photosynthesis
- 1.5.5 Testing the Rate of Photosynthesis
- 1.5.6 Water Transport in Plants
- 1.5.7 Translocation
- 1.5.8 The Carbon Cycle
- 1.5.9 Human Activities & Carbon Dioxide
- 1.5.10 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Plant Food
- 1.5.11 End of Topic Test - Plants & Photosynthesis
- 1.5.12 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Transpiration
1.6 Biological Systems & Processes
- 1.6.1 Living Organisms
- 1.6.2 Dichotomous Keys
- 1.6.3 Biomechanics
- 1.6.4 Muscles
- 1.6.5 The Skeleton
- 1.6.6 Bones
- 1.6.7 Tendons & Ligaments
- 1.6.8 Joints
- 1.6.9 Carpals & Tarsals
- 1.6.10 Measuring Forces
- 1.6.11 Antagonistic Muscle Pairings
- 1.6.12 The Respiratory System
- 1.6.13 Exchange Surface Area
- 1.6.14 Gas Exchange
- 1.6.15 Structure & Function of the Gas Exchange System
- 1.6.16 Breathing
- 1.6.17 Respiration
- 1.6.18 Respiration During Exercise
- 1.6.19 Anaerobic Respiration
- 1.6.20 Lactic Acid
- 1.6.21 Effects of Smoking on the Respiratory System
- 1.6.22 Balanced Diets
- 1.6.23 Human Growth & Development
- 1.6.24 DNA
- 1.6.25 Alleles
- 1.6.26 Genotype vs Phenotype
- 1.6.27 Punnett Squares
- 1.6.28 The Double Circulatory System
- 1.6.29 The Heart
- 1.6.30 Blood
- 1.6.31 Blood Vessels
- 1.6.32 The Renal System
- 1.6.33 Glucose
- 1.6.34 Diabetes
- 1.6.35 Blood Glucose
- 1.6.36 Human Illnesses
- 1.6.37 Bacterial & Viral Infections
- 1.6.38 Antibiotics
- 1.6.39 Vaccinations
- 1.6.40 How Antibiotics & Vaccines Work
- 1.6.41 The Effects of Recreational Drug Use
- 1.6.42 Mental Health
- 1.6.43 Depression & Anxiety
- 1.6.44 End of Topic Test - Muscles & Bones
- 1.6.45 End of Topic Test - Respiration
- 1.6.46 End of Topic Test - DNA & The Circulatory System
- 1.6.47 End of Topic Test - Human Illnesses & Vaccination
2 Chemistry
2.1 Particles
- 2.1.1 Particles
- 2.1.2 States of Matter
- 2.1.3 Compression of Substances
- 2.1.4 Shape of Substances
- 2.1.5 Changes of State
- 2.1.6 Elements & Atoms
- 2.1.7 Compounds
- 2.1.8 Diffusion
- 2.1.9 Changing State
- 2.1.10 Pressure
- 2.1.11 Temperature Increase in a Gas
- 2.1.12 Conservation of Mass
- 2.1.13 Purity of Substances
- 2.1.14 Pure Substances
- 2.1.15 Evaporation
- 2.1.16 Mixtures
- 2.1.17 Separating Mixtures
- 2.1.18 Distillation
- 2.1.19 Chromatography
- 2.1.20 Solubility
- 2.1.21 Investigating Solubility
- 2.1.22 Chemical Symbols
- 2.1.23 Chemical Formulae
- 2.1.24 Polymers
- 2.1.25 Ceramics
- 2.1.26 Composites
- 2.1.27 End of Topic Testing - Substances
- 2.1.28 End of Topic Testing - Mixtures
- 2.1.29 End of Topic Testing - Chemical Symbols & Polymers
- 2.1.30 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Particles
- 2.1.31 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Temperature
- 2.1.32 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Boiling Liquids
2.3 Atoms, Elements, Compounds
2.4 The Periodic Table
2.5 Materials & the Earth
- 2.5.1 The Composition of The Earth
- 2.5.2 The Structure of the Earth
- 2.5.3 Igneous Rocks
- 2.5.4 Sedimentary Rocks
- 2.5.5 Metamorphic Rocks
- 2.5.6 The Rock Cycle
- 2.5.7 Physical Weathering
- 2.5.8 Chemical Weathering
- 2.5.9 Biological Weathering
- 2.5.10 The Formation of Fossils
- 2.5.11 Crude Oil
- 2.5.12 The Earth's Early Atmosphere
- 2.5.13 The Earth's Atmosphere Today
- 2.5.14 Oxygen in the Atmosphere
- 2.5.15 Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere
- 2.5.16 Greenhouse Gases
- 2.5.17 Climate Change
- 2.5.18 Resources
- 2.5.19 Recycling
- 2.5.20 Ceramics
- 2.5.21 Polymers
- 2.5.22 Composites
- 2.5.23 End of Topic Test - Earth
- 2.5.24 End of Topic Test - Materials
- 2.5.25 End of Topic Test - Polymers
- 2.5.26 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Air
- 2.5.27 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Greenhouse Effect
2.6 Reactivity
- 2.6.1 Ions
- 2.6.2 Ionic Bonding
- 2.6.3 State Symbols
- 2.6.4 Balancing Chemical Equations
- 2.6.5 Relative Formula Mass
- 2.6.6 Calculating the Relative Formula Mass
- 2.6.7 The Reactivity Series
- 2.6.8 Carbon & The Reactivity Series
- 2.6.9 Displacement Reactions
- 2.6.10 Displacement Reactions - Halogens
- 2.6.11 Alloys
- 2.6.12 Metal Alloys
- 2.6.13 End of Topic Test - Ions
- 2.6.14 End of Topic Test - Reactivity
3 Physics
3.1 Energy
- 3.1.1 Energy Stores & Pathways
- 3.1.2 Energy Transfers
- 3.1.3 Common Energy Transfers
- 3.1.4 Wasted Energy
- 3.1.5 Efficiency of Energy Transfer
- 3.1.6 Sankey Diagrams
- 3.1.7 Heat & Temperature
- 3.1.8 Heat Transfer
- 3.1.9 Conductors vs Insulators
- 3.1.10 Reducing Energy Transfers
- 3.1.11 Energy & Power
- 3.1.12 Energy in Food
- 3.1.13 Calories
- 3.1.14 Food Labels
- 3.1.15 Power Ratings of Appliances
- 3.1.16 Comparing Bulbs
- 3.1.17 Fuel Bills
- 3.1.18 Calculating Fuel Bills
- 3.1.19 Non-Renewable Energy - Fossil Fuels
- 3.1.20 Other Non-Renewables
- 3.1.21 Renewable Energy - Air & Ground
- 3.1.22 Renewable Energy - Water
- 3.1.23 Conservation of Energy
- 3.1.24 End of Topic Test - Energy
- 3.1.25 End of Topic Test - Energy & Non-Renewables
- 3.1.26 End of Topic Test - Energy in Things
- 3.1.27 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Stationary Objects
3.2 Forces & Motion
- 3.2.1 Forces
- 3.2.2 Contact Forces
- 3.2.3 Balanced Forces
- 3.2.4 Force Diagrams & Resultant Forces
- 3.2.5 Free Body Diagram - Uses
- 3.2.6 Force & Acceleration
- 3.2.7 Gravity
- 3.2.8 Weight
- 3.2.9 Pressure
- 3.2.10 Speed
- 3.2.11 Relative Motion
- 3.2.12 Friction 1
- 3.2.13 Friction 2
- 3.2.14 Turning Effect
- 3.2.15 Moment
- 3.2.16 Equation for Moments
- 3.2.17 Water & Air Resistance
- 3.2.18 Distance-Time Graphs
- 3.2.19 Levers
- 3.2.20 Work & Machines
- 3.2.21 Work
- 3.2.22 Machines
- 3.2.23 Elasticity
- 3.2.24 Elasticity - Hooke's Law
- 3.2.25 Archimedes Principle
- 3.2.26 Floating & Sinking
- 3.2.27 Vacuums
- 3.2.28 Thermal Energy & Conduction
- 3.2.29 Convection & Radiation
- 3.2.30 Evaporation
- 3.2.31 End of Topic Test - Forces
- 3.2.32 End of Topic Test - Motion
- 3.2.33 End of Topic Test - Work
- 3.2.34 End of Topic Test - Vacuums
- 3.2.35 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Weight vs Mass
- 3.2.36 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Gravity
3.3 Waves
- 3.3.1 Waves
- 3.3.2 Types of Waves
- 3.3.3 Observing Waves
- 3.3.4 Wave Speed
- 3.3.5 Earthquakes
- 3.3.6 Hearing
- 3.3.7 Observing Sound
- 3.3.8 Sound waves are Longitudinal Waves
- 3.3.9 Uses of Sound Waves
- 3.3.10 The Interactions of Sound with Different Mediums
- 3.3.11 Reflecting Sounds
- 3.3.12 The Speed of Sound
- 3.3.13 Measuring the Speed of Sound
- 3.3.14 The Hearing Range of Humans
- 3.3.15 The Human Ear
- 3.3.16 Light Waves
- 3.3.17 Coloured Light
- 3.3.18 Observing Light
- 3.3.19 Reflection
- 3.3.20 Drawing a Reflected Image
- 3.3.21 Refraction of Light 1
- 3.3.22 Refraction of Light 2
- 3.3.23 The Human Eye
- 3.3.24 The Eye as a Pinhole Camera
- 3.3.25 Lenses
- 3.3.26 Colour
- 3.3.27 Seeing Colour
- 3.3.28 Colours of Light
- 3.3.29 Drawing Waves
- 3.3.30 Wave Interactions
- 3.3.31 Comparing Sound & Light
- 3.3.32 General Principles of Radiation
- 3.3.33 Temperature & Black Bodies
- 3.3.34 Production of Electromagnetic Waves
- 3.3.35 Sound as Radiation
- 3.3.36 Light as Radiation
- 3.3.37 End of Topic Test - Sound
- 3.3.38 End of Topic Test - Light
- 3.3.39 End of Topic Test - Waves
- 3.3.40 End of Topic Test - Waves 2
- 3.3.41 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Reflection
- 3.3.42 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Wave Speed
3.4 Electricity & Magnetism
- 3.4.1 Circuit Symbols
- 3.4.2 Resistors & Diodes
- 3.4.3 Electric Current
- 3.4.4 Measuring Current
- 3.4.5 Potential Difference
- 3.4.6 Series Circuits
- 3.4.7 Parallel Circuits
- 3.4.8 Resistance
- 3.4.9 Charges
- 3.4.10 Static Electricity
- 3.4.11 Magnets
- 3.4.12 Magnetic Fields
- 3.4.13 The Earth's Field
- 3.4.14 Electromagnetism
- 3.4.15 Uses of Electromagnets
- 3.4.16 Strength of Magnetic Fields
- 3.4.17 Circuit Symbols HyperLearning
- 3.4.18 End of Topic Test - Electricity
- 3.4.19 End of Topic Test - Magnetism
- 3.4.20 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Positive Charge
- 3.4.21 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Powering a Circuit
3.5 Matter
- 3.5.1 Physical Reactions
- 3.5.2 Changes of State
- 3.5.3 Particles
- 3.5.4 Density
- 3.5.5 Density & the Particle Model
- 3.5.6 The Equation for Density
- 3.5.7 Dissolving
- 3.5.8 Brownian Motion
- 3.5.9 Diffusion
- 3.5.10 Filtration
- 3.5.11 Solids
- 3.5.12 Liquids
- 3.5.13 Gases
- 3.5.14 Weight & Mass
- 3.5.15 Gravity
- 3.5.16 Gravitational Field Strength
- 3.5.17 Gravity in Space
- 3.5.18 Atmospheric Pressure
- 3.5.19 Liquid Pressure
- 3.5.20 End of Topic Test - States of Matter
- 3.5.21 End of Topic Test - Weight
- 3.5.22 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Floating
4 Disciplinary Knowledge
4.1 Thinking Scientifically
- 4.1.1 Strengths & Limitations of Models
- 4.1.2 Symbols & Formulae to Represent Scientific Ideas
- 4.1.3 Analogies in Science
- 4.1.4 Changing Models – Atomic Theory
- 4.1.5 Working Safely in the Lab
- 4.1.6 Variables
- 4.1.7 Variables - Common Experiments
- 4.1.8 Writing a Hypothesis & Prediction
- 4.1.9 Planning an Experiment
- 4.1.10 Maths Skills for Science - Mean
- 4.1.11 Maths Skills for Science - Percentage & Equations
- 4.1.12 Drawing Scientific Apparatus
- 4.1.13 Observation & Measurement Skills
- 4.1.14 Types of Data
- 4.1.15 Graphs & Charts
- 4.1.16 Bias in Science
- 4.1.17 Conclude & Evaluate
- 4.1.18 End of Topic Test - Scientific Thinking
- 4.1.19 End of Topic Test - Experimenting