3.3.7

The Fight for Racial Equality

Test yourself

The Fight for Racial Equality

Despite the work done by Wilberforce and others, racism and slavery continued.

Illustrative background for Racism in the United StatesIllustrative background for Racism in the United States ?? "content

Racism in the United States

  • Slavery and racism formed a major part of life in the Southern United States.
  • Slavery was only abolished following the American Civil War.
  • However, the end of slavery in the US did not end racism.
  • The Black population continued to face a lot of discrimination, including:
    • Segregation.
    • Being denied the vote.
    • Subjected to fatal violence.
  • Until the 1960s, in some States segregated housing was enforced by law.
Illustrative background for The Civil Rights MovementIllustrative background for The Civil Rights Movement ?? "content

The Civil Rights Movement

  • It wasn't until 1971 that laws were enforced in order to end segregated education.
  • Gradually other laws and changes came about, mainly due to the work of the American Civil Rights Movement.
  • Two men who led the movement for change were Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X.
Illustrative background for Martin Luther King Jr. Illustrative background for Martin Luther King Jr. ?? "content

Martin Luther King Jr.

  • Martin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist Minister.
  • King encouraged the Black community in the US to use non-violence and civil disobedience to bring about change.
    • King led a boycott of buses in Montgomery, Alabama, led to a change in the law that banned segregation on buses.
  • King was famous for his preaching.
  • King's 'I have a dream' speech at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington spoke of this vision for an America free of racial and religious division.
  • King was assassinated in 1968.
Illustrative background for Malcolm X Illustrative background for Malcolm X ?? "content

Malcolm X

  • Malcolm X was an African-American Muslim.
  • Malcolm X advocated more direct action and criticised non-violent campaigns.
  • Malcolm X said that if the political route to ending racism failed, people may need to take up arms.
Illustrative background for Malcolm X (cont.)Illustrative background for Malcolm X (cont.) ?? "content

Malcolm X (cont.)

  • Malcolm X saw a way of promoting equality through Islam.
    • On a pilgrimage to Mecca Malcolm X saw Muslims ‘from blue-eyed blonds to black-skinned Africans’.
  • Malcolm X went to England and warned the Black community in Birmingham that racism was a threat to their lives.
  • Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965.

The Fight for Racial Equality

Despite the work done by Wilberforce and others, racism and slavery continued.

Illustrative background for Racism across the globeIllustrative background for Racism across the globe ?? "content

Racism across the globe

  • Martin Luther King and Malcolm X both remind us that racism has been, and still is present in societies all over the world.
  • In the middle of the 20th Century in Europe, the Holocaust led to the mass killing of European Jews as a result of racist beliefs.
  • For most of the 20th Century South Africa practised apartheid: a separation of Black and white races.
    • This led to great poverty and oppression within the majority Black community.
Illustrative background for George FloydIllustrative background for George Floyd ?? "content

George Floyd

  • More recently, the killing of George Floyd (1973 - 2020) in Minneapolis, US, was a reminder that racism is still present.
  • Floyd, an African American, died at the hands of a police officer who knelt on his neck for over nine minutes.
Illustrative background for George Floyd (cont.)Illustrative background for George Floyd (cont.) ?? "content

George Floyd (cont.)

  • Many African Americans die each year at the hands of the police and vigilantes, yet often no one is prosecuted.
  • Floyd's death led to the campaign known as the Black Lives Matter movement.
    • The Black Lives Matter movement promotes racial equality, and asks for justice from the legal system.

Jump to other topics

1Year 7

1.1Origins of Abrahamic Faith

1.1.1Genesis

1.1.2Noah & the Flood

1.1.3The Importance of Noah

1.1.4Abraham

1.1.5The Covenant

1.1.6Abraham's Sacrifice

1.1.7Ibrahim's Sacrifice

1.1.8Ibrahim & Hajar

1.1.9Ibrahim & the Ka'aba

1.1.10Isaac & Jacob

1.1.11Moses & the Exodus

1.1.12The Tabernacle

1.1.13Leviticus & Sacrifice

1.1.14Teachings in Leviticus

1.1.15Jesus' Teachings

1.1.16Jesus the Rebel

1.1.17Jesus' Death & Resurrection

1.1.18The Meaning of Jesus' Sacrifice

1.1.19The Relationship Between Judaism & Christianity

1.1.20The Ka'aba

1.1.21The Prophet Muhammad

1.2Judaism

1.2.1What Do Jews Believe?

1.2.2Moses

1.2.3The Jewish Scriptures - The Written Law

1.2.4The Jewish Scriptures - The Oral Law

1.2.5The Tradition of Discussion & Debate

1.2.6Orthodox Judaism

1.2.7Reform Judaism

1.2.8The Daily Practices of Orthodox & Reform Jews

1.2.9The First Temple

1.2.10The Tabernacle's Journey & End

1.2.11Orthodox & Reform Synagogues

1.2.12What is Shabbat?

1.2.13Traditional Rituals for Shabbat

1.2.14What is Pesach?

1.2.15What is Yom Kippur?

1.2.16How Have Jews Been Persecuted?

1.2.17The Persecution of the Jews Throughout History

1.2.18The Black Death

1.2.19Antisemitism in Nazi Germany

1.2.20The Holocaust

1.2.21Genocide

1.2.22How the Holocaust has Impacted the Jewish Identity

1.2.23Holocaust Memorial

1.3Christianity

1.3.1The Nativity

1.3.2Christian Beliefs about the Baby Jesus

1.3.3Jesus' Ministry

1.3.4The Sermon on the Mount

1.3.5The Crucifixion

1.3.6The Last Supper

1.3.7The Resurrection

1.3.8Christian Beliefs about the Resurrection

1.3.9The Council of Nicaea

1.3.10The Nicene Creed

1.3.11Saint Augustine

1.3.12Protestantism

1.3.13The Reformation

1.3.14Christianity Today

1.3.15Evangelical Churches

1.3.16The Future of Christianity

1.4Buddhism

1.4.1Religion in India

1.4.2The Caste System

1.4.3Meditation

1.4.4Caste & Religion

1.4.5Puja

1.4.6Karma & the Cycle of Rebirth

1.4.7The Four Noble Truths

1.4.8The Three Marks of Existence

1.4.9The Buddha’s Noble Eightfold Path to Enlightenment

1.4.10How do Buddhists Live?

1.4.11The Four Sights

1.4.12The Buddha

1.4.13The Middle Way & Enlightenment

2Year 8

2.1Islam

2.1.1Pre-Islamic Arabia

2.1.2The Prophet Muhammad & The Qur'an

2.1.3The Hijrah & The Conquest of Mecca

2.1.4The Prophet Muhammad: The Final Sermon

2.1.5The Sunni/Shia Split

2.1.6Islamic Caliphates

2.1.7The Five Pillars of Islam

2.1.8Origins of Hajj

2.1.9Hajj Rituals

2.1.10Jihad

2.1.11Islam Today

2.2Hinduism

2.2.1The Prehistoric Roots of Hinduism

2.2.2Key Ideas in Hinduism

2.2.3The Caste System

2.2.4The Vedic Period

2.2.5The Upanishads

2.2.6Alexander the Great & The Mauryan Empire

2.2.7Revelation & The Sharing of Knowledge

2.2.8Understanding the Self

2.2.9Karma, Yoga & the Self

2.2.10The Divine Presence

2.2.11Hindu Statues and Icons

2.2.12British Colonialism & Gandhi

2.3Atheism

2.3.1Where Did Atheism Come From?

2.3.2The Impact of Scientific Developments

2.3.3Plato's Cave

2.3.4Challenging the Bible

2.3.5The Enlightenment

2.3.6Evolution

2.3.7Evolution & Religion

2.3.8Morality & God

2.3.9Morality Without God

2.3.10Frederick Nietzsche - How to Live Without Religion

2.3.11Militant Atheism

2.3.12Humanism

2.3.13The Future of Atheism

2.4Philosophy of Religion

2.4.1Who is God?

2.4.2Theists, Atheists & Agnostics

2.4.3Faith & Empiricism

2.4.4The Design Argument

2.4.5Is The Design Argument Convincing?

2.4.6The Cosmological Argument

2.4.7Criticisms of The Cosmological Argument

2.4.8The Problem of Evil

2.4.9Free Will Theodicy

2.4.10Soul-Making Theodicy

2.4.11Religious Experience

2.4.12Types of Religious Experience

2.4.13Criticisms of Religious Experience

3Year 9

3.1Life & Death

3.1.1What is the Right Thing To Do?

3.1.2Thomas Aquinas - Natural Law

3.1.3Building a Moral Code

3.1.4Criticisms of Natural Law

3.1.5Joseph Fletcher - Situation Ethics

3.1.6Understanding Situation Ethics

3.1.7Criticisms of Situation Ethics

3.1.8Sanctity of Life

3.1.9Quality of Life

3.1.10Abortion

3.1.11Moral Questions About Abortion

3.1.12Euthanasia

3.1.13Moral Questions About Euthanasia

3.1.14Capital Punishment

3.1.15Arguments Against Captial Punishment

3.1.16Animal Rights

3.1.17Alternative Views on Animal Rights

3.2Extremism

3.2.1What Does Extremism Mean?

3.2.2Extremism Explained

3.2.3Why do People Become Extremists?

3.2.4What are Conspiracy Theories?

3.2.5Why do People Believe Conspiracy Theories?

3.2.6What is Anti-Semitism?

3.2.7Anti-Semitic Stereotyping

3.2.8The Holocaust

3.2.9After the Holocaust

3.2.10Religious Fundamentalism

3.2.11The Problem of Fundamentalism

3.2.12Nationalism

3.2.13Nationalism & Extremism

3.2.14What is a Terrorist?

3.2.15Political & Religious Terrorism

3.2.16Free Speech

3.2.17Hate Speech

3.2.18How do we Fight Extremism?

3.3Equality

3.3.1Introduction to Equality

3.3.2Is the UK an Equal Society?

3.3.3Religion and Equality

3.3.4Interpreting the Scripture

3.3.5Racism and Scripture

3.3.6Scripture Against Racism

3.3.7The Fight for Racial Equality

3.3.8Gender Equality and Scripture

3.3.9Gender Equality; Women in Worship

3.3.10LGBTQ+ Matters

3.3.11The Fight for LGBTQ+ Equality

3.3.12Disability Matters

3.3.13The Fight for Disability Equality

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Scripture Against Racism

Gender Equality and Scripture