16.5.1
Irregular AR Verbs
Stem Changing AR Verbs (E → IE)
Stem Changing AR Verbs (E → IE)
When conjugating some AR verbs in the present tense, the 'e' in the infinitive becomes 'ie'. This does NOT happen in the 'vosotros' and 'nosotros' forms.
Cerrar - to close
Cerrar - to close
- Cierro - I close.
- Cierras - you close.
- Cierra - he/she closes.
- Cerramos - we close.
- Cerráis - you close.
- Cierran - they close.
Comenzar - to start
Comenzar - to start
- Comienzo - I start.
- Comienzas - you start.
- Comienza - he/she starts.
- Comenzamos - we start.
- Comenzáis - you start.
- Comienzan - they start.
Empezar - to begin
Empezar - to begin
- Empiezo - I begin.
- Empiezas - you begin.
- Empieza - he/she begins.
- Empezamos - we begin.
- Empezáis - you begin.
- Empiezan - they begin.
Pensar - to think
Pensar - to think
- Pienso - I think.
- Piensas - you think.
- Piensa - he/she thinks.
- Pensamos - we think.
- Pensáis - you think.
- Piensan - they think.
Nevar - to snow, Helar - to freeze
Nevar - to snow, Helar - to freeze
- Nieva - It snows.
- This verb is only used in the 3rd person singular form.
- Hiela - It freezes.
- This verb is only used in the 3rd person singular form.
Other verbs that follow this pattern
Other verbs that follow this pattern
- Merendar - to have a snack, to have a picnic.
- Recomendar - to recommend.
- Sentarse - to sit.
- Negar - to deny.
Stem Changing AR Verbs (O → UE)
Stem Changing AR Verbs (O → UE)
In Spanish in the present tense some AR verbs change when conjugated. The 'o' in the infinitive becomes 'ue'. This does NOT happen in the 'vosotros' and 'nosotros' forms. Derivatives of these verbs follow the same pattern.
Stem changes O → UE
Stem changes O → UE
- 'Soñar' (to dream) becomes 'sueño' (I dream).
- 'Encontrar' (to find) becomes 'encuentro' (I find).
Soñar - to dream
Soñar - to dream
- Sueño - I dream.
- Sueñas - you dream.
- Sueña - He/she dreams.
- Soñamos - we dream.
- Soñáis - you dream.
- Sueñan - they dream.
Aprobar - to approve
Aprobar - to approve
- Apruebo - I approve.
- Apruebas - you approve.
- Aprueba - he/she approves.
- Aprobamos - we approve.
- Aprobáis - you approve.
- Aprueban - they approve.
Costar - to be difficult, cost
Costar - to be difficult, cost
- Cuesto - I am difficult.
- Cuestas - you are difficult.
- Cuesta - he/she is difficult.
- Costamos - we are difficult.
- Costáis - you are difficult.
- Cuestan - they are difficult.
Mostrar - to show
Mostrar - to show
- Muestro - I show.
- Muestras - you show.
- Muestra - he/she shows.
- Mostramos - we show.
- Mostráis - you show.
- Muestran - they show.
Verbs that follow this pattern:
Verbs that follow this pattern:
- Volar - to fly.
- Recordar - to remember.
- Colgar - to put (photos on social media)
- Almorzar - to have lunch.
- Encontrar - to find.
- Probar - to try/taste.
- Acordar - to agree on.
- Contar - to count/tell.
Exceptions
Exceptions
Some verbs don't follow the same patterns as other regular or irregular verbs.
Jugar - to play
Jugar - to play
- Although it doesn't have an O, 'jugar' follows the same pattern as verbs that change from O → UE.
- E.g. Jugar → juego (I play).
Dar - to give
Dar - to give
- 'Dar' only changes in the first person.
- Dar → doy (I give).
- After that, it works like a regular AR verb.
Esquiar - to ski
Esquiar - to ski
- Esquío - I ski.
- Esquías - you ski.
- Esquía - he/she skis.
- Esquiamos - we ski.
- Esquiáis - you ski.
- Esquían - they ski.
- Esquiar behaves like a regular verb but the i becomes an í for some conjugations.
Confiar - to trust
Confiar - to trust
- Confío - I trust.
- Confías - you trust.
- Confía - he/she trusts.
- Confiamos - we trust.
- Confiáis - you trust.
- Confían - they trust.
- Confiar behaves like a regular verb but the i becomes an í for some conjugations.
Continuar - to continue
Continuar - to continue
- Continúo - I continue.
- Continúas - you continue.
- Continúa - he/she continue.
- Continuamos - we continue.
- Continuáis - you continue.
- Continúan - they continue.
- Continuar behaves like a regular verb but the u becomes a ú for some conjugations.
1Los valores tradicionales y modernos
1.1Los cambios en la familia
1.2Actitudes hacia el matrimonio/el divorcio
2El ciberespacio
2.1La influencia de internet
2.2Las redes sociales: beneficios y peligros
3La igualdad de los sexos
3.1La mujer en el mercado laboral
3.2El machismo y el feminismo
4La inmigración
4.1Los beneficios y los aspectos negativos
4.2La inmigración en el mundo hispánico
5El racismo
5.1Las actitudes racistas y xenófobas
5.2Las medidas contra el racismo
6La convivencia
6.1La convivencia de culturas
6.2La educación
7La influencia de los ídolos
7.1Cantantes y músicos
7.2Estrellas de televisión y cine
8La identidad regional en España
8.1Tradiciones y costumbres
8.2La gastronomía
9El patrimonio cultural
9.1Sitios turísticos y civilizaciones prehispánicas
9.2Arte y arquitectura
10El Laberinto del Fauno
10.1Temas
10.2Marco histórico
10.3Personajes
11Nouns
11.1Singular & Plural Forms
11.3Affective Suffixes
12Articles
12.1Definite & Indefinite
12.2El with Feminine Nouns
12.3Lo + Adjective
13Adjectives
13.1Agreement
13.2Position
13.3Apocopation
13.4Comparative & Superlative
13.5Use of Adjectives as Nouns
13.6Demonstrative
13.7Indefinite
13.8Possessive
13.9Interrogative & Exclamative
13.10Relative
14Numerals & Quantifiers
14.1Cardinal
14.2Ordinal
14.3Agreement
14.4Expressions of Time and Date
14.5Quantifiers
15Pronouns
15.1Subject
15.2Object: Direct & Indirect
15.3Reflexive
15.4Unstressed & Stressed Forms
15.5Position & Order
15.6Relative
15.7Demonstrative
15.8Indefinite
15.9Possessive
15.10Interrogative
16Verbs
16.1Regular Conjugations
16.2Regular & Irregular Verbs
16.3Agreement of Verb & Subject
16.4Use of Hay Que in All Tenses
16.5Present Tense
16.6Preterite Tense
16.6.1Irregular IR Verbs - Decir, Venir & Ir
16.6.2Irregular ER Verbs 2
16.6.3Irregular AR Verbs
16.6.4Regular IR Verbs
16.6.5Irregular AR Verbs 2
16.6.6Irregular IR Verbs 3
16.6.7Regular ER Verbs
16.6.8Irregular ER Verbs
16.6.9Irregular IR Verbs - Preterite
16.6.10Regular AR Verbs
16.6.11Irregular ER Verbs - Ver & Tener
16.7Imperfect Tense
16.8Future Tense
16.9Conditional Tense
16.10Perfect Tense
16.11Future Perfect Tense
16.12Conditional Perfect Tense
16.13Pluperfect Tense
16.14Infinitive, Gerund & Past Participle
16.15Verbal Paraphrases
16.16Use of the Subjunctive
16.17Commands
16.18Conditional Sentences
16.19After Conjunctions of Time
16.20After Para Que, Sin Que
16.21In Relative Clauses
16.22After Other Subordinating Conjunctions
16.23With Verbs of Wishing & Commanding
16.24Sequence of Tense in Indirect Speech
16.25Voice
16.26Use of the Reflexives as a Passive
16.27Use of the Reflexive to Express an Impersonal
16.28Use of Ser + Past Participle
16.29Use of Estar + Past Participle
16.30'Nuance' Reflexive Verbs
16.31Modes of Address
16.32Constructions with Verbs
16.33Verbs Followed by an Infinitive
17Prepositions & Conjunctions
17.1All Prepositions
17.2'Personal' a
17.3Discrimination of Por and Para
17.4Coordinating Conjunctions
17.5Subordinating Conjunctions
17.6Use of Que to Introduce a Clause
18Negation, Questions & Commands
18.1Negation
19Word Order, Other Constructions & Discourse Marker
19.1Subject Following Verb
19.2Focalisation
19.3Time Expressions with Hace/Hacía
19.4Cleft Sentences
19.5Comparative Constructions
19.6Indirect Speech
19.7Discourse Markers
Jump to other topics
1Los valores tradicionales y modernos
1.1Los cambios en la familia
1.2Actitudes hacia el matrimonio/el divorcio
2El ciberespacio
2.1La influencia de internet
2.2Las redes sociales: beneficios y peligros
3La igualdad de los sexos
3.1La mujer en el mercado laboral
3.2El machismo y el feminismo
4La inmigración
4.1Los beneficios y los aspectos negativos
4.2La inmigración en el mundo hispánico
5El racismo
5.1Las actitudes racistas y xenófobas
5.2Las medidas contra el racismo
6La convivencia
6.1La convivencia de culturas
6.2La educación
7La influencia de los ídolos
7.1Cantantes y músicos
7.2Estrellas de televisión y cine
8La identidad regional en España
8.1Tradiciones y costumbres
8.2La gastronomía
9El patrimonio cultural
9.1Sitios turísticos y civilizaciones prehispánicas
9.2Arte y arquitectura
10El Laberinto del Fauno
10.1Temas
10.2Marco histórico
10.3Personajes
11Nouns
11.1Singular & Plural Forms
11.3Affective Suffixes
12Articles
12.1Definite & Indefinite
12.2El with Feminine Nouns
12.3Lo + Adjective
13Adjectives
13.1Agreement
13.2Position
13.3Apocopation
13.4Comparative & Superlative
13.5Use of Adjectives as Nouns
13.6Demonstrative
13.7Indefinite
13.8Possessive
13.9Interrogative & Exclamative
13.10Relative
14Numerals & Quantifiers
14.1Cardinal
14.2Ordinal
14.3Agreement
14.4Expressions of Time and Date
14.5Quantifiers
15Pronouns
15.1Subject
15.2Object: Direct & Indirect
15.3Reflexive
15.4Unstressed & Stressed Forms
15.5Position & Order
15.6Relative
15.7Demonstrative
15.8Indefinite
15.9Possessive
15.10Interrogative
16Verbs
16.1Regular Conjugations
16.2Regular & Irregular Verbs
16.3Agreement of Verb & Subject
16.4Use of Hay Que in All Tenses
16.5Present Tense
16.6Preterite Tense
16.6.1Irregular IR Verbs - Decir, Venir & Ir
16.6.2Irregular ER Verbs 2
16.6.3Irregular AR Verbs
16.6.4Regular IR Verbs
16.6.5Irregular AR Verbs 2
16.6.6Irregular IR Verbs 3
16.6.7Regular ER Verbs
16.6.8Irregular ER Verbs
16.6.9Irregular IR Verbs - Preterite
16.6.10Regular AR Verbs
16.6.11Irregular ER Verbs - Ver & Tener
16.7Imperfect Tense
16.8Future Tense
16.9Conditional Tense
16.10Perfect Tense
16.11Future Perfect Tense
16.12Conditional Perfect Tense
16.13Pluperfect Tense
16.14Infinitive, Gerund & Past Participle
16.15Verbal Paraphrases
16.16Use of the Subjunctive
16.17Commands
16.18Conditional Sentences
16.19After Conjunctions of Time
16.20After Para Que, Sin Que
16.21In Relative Clauses
16.22After Other Subordinating Conjunctions
16.23With Verbs of Wishing & Commanding
16.24Sequence of Tense in Indirect Speech
16.25Voice
16.26Use of the Reflexives as a Passive
16.27Use of the Reflexive to Express an Impersonal
16.28Use of Ser + Past Participle
16.29Use of Estar + Past Participle
16.30'Nuance' Reflexive Verbs
16.31Modes of Address
16.32Constructions with Verbs
16.33Verbs Followed by an Infinitive
17Prepositions & Conjunctions
17.1All Prepositions
17.2'Personal' a
17.3Discrimination of Por and Para
17.4Coordinating Conjunctions
17.5Subordinating Conjunctions
17.6Use of Que to Introduce a Clause
18Negation, Questions & Commands
18.1Negation
19Word Order, Other Constructions & Discourse Marker
19.1Subject Following Verb
19.2Focalisation
19.3Time Expressions with Hace/Hacía
19.4Cleft Sentences
19.5Comparative Constructions
19.6Indirect Speech
19.7Discourse Markers
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