8.5.3
Mitigation Strategies
Mitigation
Mitigation
Climate mitigation is when actions are taken permanently to reduce or halt climate change impacts to people, property and the environment.
Carbon taxation
Carbon taxation
- Taxes set by the government promote the reduction of fuel or electricity by both businesses and people.
- Taxes can be specially for fuel like those imposed on cars i.e. congestion charge and road tolls. In the UK, taxes on fuel in 2016 were 50% of the price.
- To reduce their carbon tax, businesses may choose to use more environmentally friendly materials and reduce their waste and emissions.
Renewable switching
Renewable switching
- Switching refers to nations moving away from using fossil fuels and towards more sustainable renewable energy sources.
- The UK currently has a target of 15% of its energy consumption to be generated from renewable energy by 2020.
- Sweden is the leader in renewable switching. In 1970 75% of all electricity is Sweden was powered by oil, now it is only 20%. Sweden now uses a range of HEP, nuclear and wind power to produce its electricity.
Energy efficiency
Energy efficiency
- Improvements in technology mean that humans are becoming more efficient with how we use fuel (the quantity of it) and the efficiency of renewables.
- Increasing the use of technology has the highest energy efficiency (for example grade A on the A-G scale). This is particularly relevant for household electrical appliances, which are in the long-term cost-effective due to the reduction in electricity bills.
Afforestation
Afforestation
- Planting of more trees will promote this important carbon store and absorb more CO2.
- Landowners (particularly farmers) can be given funds if committed to not cutting down forests - REDD provides this in the UK but this is also seen in Costa Rica’s rainforest.
- Afforestation is increasingly at a faster rate in developed nations due to their position on the Kuznet curve.
Government
Government
Government policy and agreements between different governments control climate change mitigation strategies.
Global scale agreements
Global scale agreements
- The Paris Agreement is an example of a global agreement towards reducing climate change.
- The aim is to limit any further temperature increase to 1.5oC.
- A series of strategies are required to ensure this happens.
- This includes developing new technology and capacity to implement this as well as sticking to national objectives.
- In order for this to be achievable support for the developing and most vulnerable countries is essential.
National level actions
National level actions
- As part of the Paris Agreement, the UK established its NDC (Nationally Determined Contributions).
- The previous emissions targets were not changed from their current values but the government is committed to reducing domestic emissions to net 0.
- Strategies set out for removing greenhouse gases included carbon capture and storage and afforestation.
- They also are seeking to improve energy-use efficiency, decarbonise electricity and increase the number of zero-emission vehicles.
1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.2Natural Disasters
1.3Natural Disaster Case Studies
1.4Trends & Patterns
2Option 2A: Glaciated Landscapes & Change
2.1Glaciated Landscapes Over Time
2.2Periglacial Landscapes
2.3Glacial Processes
2.4Glacial Landforms
3Option 2B: Coastal Landscapes & Change
3.1Coastal Landscapes
3.2Coastal Erosion & Deposition
3.3Coastal Risks
4Globalisation
4.1Globalisation
4.2Negatives of Globalisation
4.3Global Shift
4.5Culture
4.6Measuring Development
5Option 4A: Regenerating Places
5.1Types of Economies
5.2Function of Places
5.3Regeneration
5.4Regeneration Case Studies
6Option 4B: Diverse Places
6.1Population Structure
6.2Past & Present Connections
6.3Urban & Rural Spaces
6.4Diversity
6.5Urban & Rural Case Studies
6.6Case Study - Tower Hamlets
6.7Case Study - Sturton-le-Steeple
7The Water Cycle & Water Insecurity (A2 only)
7.1Hydrological Processes Global to Local
7.2Influences on the Water Cycle
7.3Water Insecurity
8The Carbon Cycle & Energy Security (A2 only)
8.1The Carbon Cycle
8.2Energy Consumption
8.3Alternative Energy
8.4Growing Demand for Resources
9Superpowers (A2 only)
9.1Superpowers
9.2Hard & Soft Power
9.2.1Hard & Soft Power
9.2.2Emerging Powers - China Rivalry
9.2.3Emerging Powers - Chinese Sources of Power
9.2.4Emerging Powers - Brazil
9.2.5Emerging Powers - Russia
9.2.6Emerging Powers - India
9.2.7Theories of Development
9.2.8Power Case Studies: Chinese One Belt One Road
9.2.9Power Case Studies: Pakistan Nuclear Arms
9.2.10Power Case Studies: OPEC
9.3IGOs, TNCs & Alliances
10Option 8A: Health & Human Rights (A2 only)
10.1Human Development
10.2Role of Governments & IGOs
10.3Human Rights
10.4Interventions
11Option 8B: Migration & Identity (A2 only)
11.1Globalisation & Migration
11.2Consequences of Migration
11.3Nation States
11.4Responses to Global Migration
Jump to other topics
1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.2Natural Disasters
1.3Natural Disaster Case Studies
1.4Trends & Patterns
2Option 2A: Glaciated Landscapes & Change
2.1Glaciated Landscapes Over Time
2.2Periglacial Landscapes
2.3Glacial Processes
2.4Glacial Landforms
3Option 2B: Coastal Landscapes & Change
3.1Coastal Landscapes
3.2Coastal Erosion & Deposition
3.3Coastal Risks
4Globalisation
4.1Globalisation
4.2Negatives of Globalisation
4.3Global Shift
4.5Culture
4.6Measuring Development
5Option 4A: Regenerating Places
5.1Types of Economies
5.2Function of Places
5.3Regeneration
5.4Regeneration Case Studies
6Option 4B: Diverse Places
6.1Population Structure
6.2Past & Present Connections
6.3Urban & Rural Spaces
6.4Diversity
6.5Urban & Rural Case Studies
6.6Case Study - Tower Hamlets
6.7Case Study - Sturton-le-Steeple
7The Water Cycle & Water Insecurity (A2 only)
7.1Hydrological Processes Global to Local
7.2Influences on the Water Cycle
7.3Water Insecurity
8The Carbon Cycle & Energy Security (A2 only)
8.1The Carbon Cycle
8.2Energy Consumption
8.3Alternative Energy
8.4Growing Demand for Resources
9Superpowers (A2 only)
9.1Superpowers
9.2Hard & Soft Power
9.2.1Hard & Soft Power
9.2.2Emerging Powers - China Rivalry
9.2.3Emerging Powers - Chinese Sources of Power
9.2.4Emerging Powers - Brazil
9.2.5Emerging Powers - Russia
9.2.6Emerging Powers - India
9.2.7Theories of Development
9.2.8Power Case Studies: Chinese One Belt One Road
9.2.9Power Case Studies: Pakistan Nuclear Arms
9.2.10Power Case Studies: OPEC
9.3IGOs, TNCs & Alliances
10Option 8A: Health & Human Rights (A2 only)
10.1Human Development
10.2Role of Governments & IGOs
10.3Human Rights
10.4Interventions
11Option 8B: Migration & Identity (A2 only)
11.1Globalisation & Migration
11.2Consequences of Migration
11.3Nation States
11.4Responses to Global Migration
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