11.1.3
Common Migration Patterns
Common Migrant Routes
Common Migrant Routes
Below are some of the most common inter-regional migration patterns and the general factors causing them:
South Asia to West Asia (Middle East)
South Asia to West Asia (Middle East)
- The area of origin is South/South East Asia, with the flow of people moving to the Middle East.
- The primary reason for this migration pattern is economic.
- Migrants with low skills move to the Middle East for work. They often receive low wages and work in construction.
- There are over 1 million 'gulf wives' in Kerala, India, whose husbands work in the Middle East.
South Asia to Europe
South Asia to Europe
- The pattern of migration from South Asia to Europe as the destination is primarily driven by a desire for family reunification.
- Previous generations may have moved to Europe and others want to follow.
- Attractive economic, political and social conditions may make Europe a more attractive place to unify than South Asia.
South Asia to North America
South Asia to North America
- The migration pattern from South Asia to North America is primarily driven by economic reasons.
- Unlike the movement from South Asia to the Middle East, migrants moving to North America usually have high skills and are seeking high wages in the area of destination.
Latin America to Europe
Latin America to Europe
- The flow of migrants from Latin America to Europe is primarily driven by strong cultural ties.
- Portugal and Spain had large empires in Latin America during the colonial era. Portuguese is the language of Brazil and Spanish is used in Argentina and Mexico.
North America to Europe
North America to Europe
- The movement of migrants from North America to Europe is primarily economic and is partially driven by TNCs.
- These migrants usually have high skills and are seeking high wages. The expansion of TNCs and their global presence means that lots of people may be asked to move by a TNC.
Sub-Saharan Africa & West Asia to Europe
Sub-Saharan Africa & West Asia to Europe
- Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa and Western Asia often move to Europe for economic or political reasons.
- They generally have low skills and are seeking wages.
- Some may be refugees and asylum seekers who are fleeing conflict in the area of origin (e.g current wars in Syria and Libya).
Forced and Voluntary Migration
Forced and Voluntary Migration
Voluntary migration is made out of choice for economic, social or lifestyle reasons. Forced migration happens because of environmental reasons, war or persecution in most circumstances.
Examples of forced migration
Examples of forced migration
- Jews leaving Europe in the 1930s and 1940s to escape persecution under Nazi governments.
- Slaves being transported from Africa to sugar plantations in North America and the Caribbean in the days of the slave trade.
- People leaving Chernobyl in Ukraine after the nuclear explosion there in 1986.
Examples of voluntary migration
Examples of voluntary migration
- The migration of economic migrants from Mexico to the United States in search of higher wages and better jobs.
- Lewis Hamilton moving to Monaco to improve his lifestyle and possibly to minimise his tax burden.
- British retirees moving to Florida or Spain for their retirement.
1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.2Natural Disasters
1.3Natural Disaster Case Studies
1.4Trends & Patterns
2Option 2A: Glaciated Landscapes & Change
2.1Glaciated Landscapes Over Time
2.2Periglacial Landscapes
2.3Glacial Processes
2.4Glacial Landforms
3Option 2B: Coastal Landscapes & Change
3.1Coastal Landscapes
3.2Coastal Erosion & Deposition
3.3Coastal Risks
4Globalisation
4.1Globalisation
4.2Negatives of Globalisation
4.3Global Shift
4.5Culture
4.6Measuring Development
5Option 4A: Regenerating Places
5.1Types of Economies
5.2Function of Places
5.3Regeneration
5.4Regeneration Case Studies
6Option 4B: Diverse Places
6.1Population Structure
6.2Past & Present Connections
6.3Urban & Rural Spaces
6.4Diversity
6.5Urban & Rural Case Studies
6.6Case Study - Tower Hamlets
6.7Case Study - Sturton-le-Steeple
7The Water Cycle & Water Insecurity (A2 only)
7.1Hydrological Processes Global to Local
7.2Influences on the Water Cycle
7.3Water Insecurity
8The Carbon Cycle & Energy Security (A2 only)
8.1The Carbon Cycle
8.2Energy Consumption
8.3Alternative Energy
8.4Growing Demand for Resources
9Superpowers (A2 only)
9.1Superpowers
9.2Hard & Soft Power
9.2.1Hard & Soft Power
9.2.2Emerging Powers - China Rivalry
9.2.3Emerging Powers - Chinese Sources of Power
9.2.4Emerging Powers - Brazil
9.2.5Emerging Powers - Russia
9.2.6Emerging Powers - India
9.2.7Theories of Development
9.2.8Power Case Studies: Chinese One Belt One Road
9.2.9Power Case Studies: Pakistan Nuclear Arms
9.2.10Power Case Studies: OPEC
9.3IGOs, TNCs & Alliances
10Option 8A: Health & Human Rights (A2 only)
10.1Human Development
10.2Role of Governments & IGOs
10.3Human Rights
10.4Interventions
11Option 8B: Migration & Identity (A2 only)
11.1Globalisation & Migration
11.2Consequences of Migration
11.3Nation States
11.4Responses to Global Migration
Jump to other topics
1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.2Natural Disasters
1.3Natural Disaster Case Studies
1.4Trends & Patterns
2Option 2A: Glaciated Landscapes & Change
2.1Glaciated Landscapes Over Time
2.2Periglacial Landscapes
2.3Glacial Processes
2.4Glacial Landforms
3Option 2B: Coastal Landscapes & Change
3.1Coastal Landscapes
3.2Coastal Erosion & Deposition
3.3Coastal Risks
4Globalisation
4.1Globalisation
4.2Negatives of Globalisation
4.3Global Shift
4.5Culture
4.6Measuring Development
5Option 4A: Regenerating Places
5.1Types of Economies
5.2Function of Places
5.3Regeneration
5.4Regeneration Case Studies
6Option 4B: Diverse Places
6.1Population Structure
6.2Past & Present Connections
6.3Urban & Rural Spaces
6.4Diversity
6.5Urban & Rural Case Studies
6.6Case Study - Tower Hamlets
6.7Case Study - Sturton-le-Steeple
7The Water Cycle & Water Insecurity (A2 only)
7.1Hydrological Processes Global to Local
7.2Influences on the Water Cycle
7.3Water Insecurity
8The Carbon Cycle & Energy Security (A2 only)
8.1The Carbon Cycle
8.2Energy Consumption
8.3Alternative Energy
8.4Growing Demand for Resources
9Superpowers (A2 only)
9.1Superpowers
9.2Hard & Soft Power
9.2.1Hard & Soft Power
9.2.2Emerging Powers - China Rivalry
9.2.3Emerging Powers - Chinese Sources of Power
9.2.4Emerging Powers - Brazil
9.2.5Emerging Powers - Russia
9.2.6Emerging Powers - India
9.2.7Theories of Development
9.2.8Power Case Studies: Chinese One Belt One Road
9.2.9Power Case Studies: Pakistan Nuclear Arms
9.2.10Power Case Studies: OPEC
9.3IGOs, TNCs & Alliances
10Option 8A: Health & Human Rights (A2 only)
10.1Human Development
10.2Role of Governments & IGOs
10.3Human Rights
10.4Interventions
11Option 8B: Migration & Identity (A2 only)
11.1Globalisation & Migration
11.2Consequences of Migration
11.3Nation States
11.4Responses to Global Migration
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