4.1.1
Intro to Globalisation
What is Globalisation?
What is Globalisation?
Globalisation is the ever-increasing interconnectedness between countries. It is a process that involves connections, interdependence and flows between different locations.
Types of flows in globalisation
Types of flows in globalisation
- Commodities, capital (or finance), information, migrants and tourists can all flow more freely between different countries.
- As the world becomes more globalised, the connections between places are becoming wider and deeper in most of these areas.
Internet and digital advances
Internet and digital advances
- The internet has been a huge facilitator of globalisation.
- Information flows more freely between different countries, but the internet also allows tourists to discover more places and helps capital and commodities to flow internationally.
- Logistics companies like DHL and investment companies like Blackrock allow commodities and capital to flow internationally.
Migration
Migration
- A borderless world does not exist because there are still obstacles to migration.
- The free movement of people is only possible within some trade blocs and within some regions.
- E.g. The Schengen Area in the EU.
Tourism
Tourism
- Budget airlines have resulted in the huge growth of tourist flows because people are able to travel to different countries at a reasonable cost.
- Airlines like Ryanair, Wizz Air and Easyjet can let you travel to a different country for as little as £20.
Types of Globalisation
Types of Globalisation
Because globalisation is such a varied process, we can divide it into four different types.
Economic globalisation
Economic globalisation
- Economic globalisation includes the growth of MNCs (Multinational Corporations) or TNCs (Transnational Companies). For example Inditex (which owns Zara), Domino's Pizza, Apple, Google and Meta (which owns Instagram and WhatsApp).
- The growth of the internet and better communication technology is included in economic globalisation.
Cultural globalisation
Cultural globalisation
- Cultural globalisation describes the spread of Western ideas and culture such as North American films, fast food and fashion.
- Tom Cruise films, Justin Bieber, Shawn Mendes, Logan Paul, Netflix and McDonalds are found in almost every country in the world nowadays.
Political globalisation
Political globalisation
- Political globalisation describes the growth of trade blocs as different countries seek to work together to increase the prevalence of free trade.
- Important organisations in political globalisation are the World Bank, IMF (International Monetary Fund), World Trade Organisation and the United Nations.
1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.2Natural Disasters
1.3Natural Disaster Case Studies
1.4Trends & Patterns
2Option 2A: Glaciated Landscapes & Change
2.1Glaciated Landscapes Over Time
2.2Periglacial Landscapes
2.3Glacial Processes
2.4Glacial Landforms
3Option 2B: Coastal Landscapes & Change
3.1Coastal Landscapes
3.2Coastal Erosion & Deposition
3.3Coastal Risks
4Globalisation
4.1Globalisation
4.2Negatives of Globalisation
4.3Global Shift
4.5Culture
4.6Measuring Development
5Option 4A: Regenerating Places
5.1Types of Economies
5.2Function of Places
5.3Regeneration
5.4Regeneration Case Studies
6Option 4B: Diverse Places
6.1Population Structure
6.2Past & Present Connections
6.3Urban & Rural Spaces
6.4Diversity
6.5Urban & Rural Case Studies
6.6Case Study - Tower Hamlets
6.7Case Study - Sturton-le-Steeple
7The Water Cycle & Water Insecurity (A2 only)
7.1Hydrological Processes Global to Local
7.2Influences on the Water Cycle
7.3Water Insecurity
8The Carbon Cycle & Energy Security (A2 only)
8.1The Carbon Cycle
8.2Energy Consumption
8.3Alternative Energy
8.4Growing Demand for Resources
9Superpowers (A2 only)
9.1Superpowers
9.2Hard & Soft Power
9.2.1Hard & Soft Power
9.2.2Emerging Powers - China Rivalry
9.2.3Emerging Powers - Chinese Sources of Power
9.2.4Emerging Powers - Brazil
9.2.5Emerging Powers - Russia
9.2.6Emerging Powers - India
9.2.7Theories of Development
9.2.8Power Case Studies: Chinese One Belt One Road
9.2.9Power Case Studies: Pakistan Nuclear Arms
9.2.10Power Case Studies: OPEC
9.3IGOs, TNCs & Alliances
10Option 8A: Health & Human Rights (A2 only)
10.1Human Development
10.2Role of Governments & IGOs
10.3Human Rights
10.4Interventions
11Option 8B: Migration & Identity (A2 only)
11.1Globalisation & Migration
11.2Consequences of Migration
11.3Nation States
11.4Responses to Global Migration
Jump to other topics
1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.2Natural Disasters
1.3Natural Disaster Case Studies
1.4Trends & Patterns
2Option 2A: Glaciated Landscapes & Change
2.1Glaciated Landscapes Over Time
2.2Periglacial Landscapes
2.3Glacial Processes
2.4Glacial Landforms
3Option 2B: Coastal Landscapes & Change
3.1Coastal Landscapes
3.2Coastal Erosion & Deposition
3.3Coastal Risks
4Globalisation
4.1Globalisation
4.2Negatives of Globalisation
4.3Global Shift
4.5Culture
4.6Measuring Development
5Option 4A: Regenerating Places
5.1Types of Economies
5.2Function of Places
5.3Regeneration
5.4Regeneration Case Studies
6Option 4B: Diverse Places
6.1Population Structure
6.2Past & Present Connections
6.3Urban & Rural Spaces
6.4Diversity
6.5Urban & Rural Case Studies
6.6Case Study - Tower Hamlets
6.7Case Study - Sturton-le-Steeple
7The Water Cycle & Water Insecurity (A2 only)
7.1Hydrological Processes Global to Local
7.2Influences on the Water Cycle
7.3Water Insecurity
8The Carbon Cycle & Energy Security (A2 only)
8.1The Carbon Cycle
8.2Energy Consumption
8.3Alternative Energy
8.4Growing Demand for Resources
9Superpowers (A2 only)
9.1Superpowers
9.2Hard & Soft Power
9.2.1Hard & Soft Power
9.2.2Emerging Powers - China Rivalry
9.2.3Emerging Powers - Chinese Sources of Power
9.2.4Emerging Powers - Brazil
9.2.5Emerging Powers - Russia
9.2.6Emerging Powers - India
9.2.7Theories of Development
9.2.8Power Case Studies: Chinese One Belt One Road
9.2.9Power Case Studies: Pakistan Nuclear Arms
9.2.10Power Case Studies: OPEC
9.3IGOs, TNCs & Alliances
10Option 8A: Health & Human Rights (A2 only)
10.1Human Development
10.2Role of Governments & IGOs
10.3Human Rights
10.4Interventions
11Option 8B: Migration & Identity (A2 only)
11.1Globalisation & Migration
11.2Consequences of Migration
11.3Nation States
11.4Responses to Global Migration
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