2.5.4

Managing the Threats to Glaciated Landscapes

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Stakeholders and Approaches in Managing Threats

A wide variety of different players are involved in managing glaciated landscapes. They have a lot of different approaches with different levels of protection.

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Stakeholders

  • Conservationists tend to mount campaigns, lobby governments and raise awareness of issues.
  • National governments pass legislation to protect and/or conserve fragile landscapes.
  • Local/regional governments are involved in the direct management and policing of legislation.
  • Global organisations establish and monitor international agreements.
  • NGOs work to protect the environments and the indigenous people who live in them.
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Approaches

  • Protection through creating wilderness reserves limits human activity and enhances the preservation of landscapes.
    • E.g. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska.
  • Sustainable management is the balance of preservation and the needs of the people who live in an area.
    • E.g. The approach of the Peak District National Park Authority in the UK.
  • Multiple economic use is where some form of economic activity may be prioritised.
    • E.g. Tourism in the Golden Triangle and the Blue Lagoon (Iceland).

Legislation Frameworks and Responses to Climate Change

It is difficult to coordinate frameworks of legislation between countries for a number of reasons. But, it is vital that we do this because climate change is a significant threat to glacial environments.

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Legislative frameworks

  • Countries may have differing views on conservation, management and the exploitation of resources.
  • The financial and human resources available for management may be different.
  • Legal systems may differ between countries.
  • Countries may have poor international relations, making agreement hard to reach.
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Responding to climate change

  • Climate change is the most significant threat to glacial environments, especially the Arctic and Antarctica.
  • It may be managed by global agreements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
    • E.g. the Kyoto Protocol and COP21 Paris Agreement.
  • In the Paris Agreement, the main commitment was to keep global temperature increases below 2oC by 2100.
  • National policies have been created by many countries in the developed world, with the exception of the USA (under President Trump).

Jump to other topics

1Tectonic Processes & Hazards

2Option 2A: Glaciated Landscapes & Change

3Option 2B: Coastal Landscapes & Change

4Globalisation

5Option 4A: Regenerating Places

6Option 4B: Diverse Places

7The Water Cycle & Water Insecurity (A2 only)

8The Carbon Cycle & Energy Security (A2 only)

9Superpowers (A2 only)

10Option 8A: Health & Human Rights (A2 only)

11Option 8B: Migration & Identity (A2 only)

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