11.1.1
Intro to Migration
Migration and Globalisation
Migration and Globalisation
Globalisation has caused extremely significant changes in the global economic system. It has led to an increase in migration, both within countries and between countries. Some key terms are:
Migration
Migration
- Migration involves a permanent or semi-permanent change of residence.
- Internal migration takes place within the same country e.g. rural to urban migration.
- International migration takes place between countries, for a minimum of one year.
Types of migrant
Types of migrant
- An economic migrant is a person who moves voluntarily for work or to improve his/her social and economic conditions.
- A refugee is a person who, owing to a fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, has fled their country and sought protection in another country. This type of migration can be called forced migration.
- An asylum seeker is a person who has applied for refugee status and is waiting for a decision as to whether or not they qualify.
Enabling Factors in Migration
Enabling Factors in Migration
Disparities (differences) in the wealth of different parts of the world means that people may be able to find work and improve their lives by migrating.
Transportation
Transportation
- Improvements in modern transport networks allow global labour flows to happen more easily.
- Passengers on jet aircraft, boats and railways can all travel very large distances.
Land grabs and mechanisation
Land grabs and mechanisation
- Land grabbing describes TNCs or governments purchasing or renting large areas of land.
- The mechanisation of agriculture and other industries may lead people to migrate to find new jobs.
- There has been a move internally in China from rural areas to coastal cities like Shenzhen in the search for work and a better life.
Localised migration
Localised migration
- A lot of international migration is relatively regionalised - it takes place in a small area or between a small number of countries.
- E.g. From Mexico to the USA.
- E.g. Within the EU after the Schengen Agreement (which allows borderless travel between certain EU member states).
Push and Pull Factors - Migration
Push and Pull Factors - Migration
Some push factors drive migrants out of a country and some pull factors attract migrants towards a country.
Push factors
Push factors
- Environmental - If there is a natural disaster in a region (earthquake, tsunami, etc.) then people may be pushed out of an area.
- People may not be able to afford the repairs to their property.
- Desertification can make it hard for people to support themselves as the land becomes less productive.
- Mechanisation - Automation of farming means that fewer jobs are available in rural areas.
- Politics/War - People might be forced to flee their homes because of conflict. The Syrian Civil War involving Bashar al-Assad is an example of this.
Pull factors
Pull factors
- Economic - Some nations provide more jobs, which are often better paid.
- Quality of life - Healthcare and education are more easily accessible in urban areas.
- Family - Some migrants may join other family members that have already moved to a country.
1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.2Natural Disasters
1.3Natural Disaster Case Studies
1.4Trends & Patterns
2Option 2A: Glaciated Landscapes & Change
2.1Glaciated Landscapes Over Time
2.2Periglacial Landscapes
2.3Glacial Processes
2.4Glacial Landforms
3Option 2B: Coastal Landscapes & Change
3.1Coastal Landscapes
3.2Coastal Erosion & Deposition
3.3Coastal Risks
4Globalisation
4.1Globalisation
4.2Negatives of Globalisation
4.3Global Shift
4.5Culture
4.6Measuring Development
5Option 4A: Regenerating Places
5.1Types of Economies
5.2Function of Places
5.3Regeneration
5.4Regeneration Case Studies
6Option 4B: Diverse Places
6.1Population Structure
6.2Past & Present Connections
6.3Urban & Rural Spaces
6.4Diversity
6.5Urban & Rural Case Studies
6.6Case Study - Tower Hamlets
6.7Case Study - Sturton-le-Steeple
7The Water Cycle & Water Insecurity (A2 only)
7.1Hydrological Processes Global to Local
7.2Influences on the Water Cycle
7.3Water Insecurity
8The Carbon Cycle & Energy Security (A2 only)
8.1The Carbon Cycle
8.2Energy Consumption
8.3Alternative Energy
8.4Growing Demand for Resources
9Superpowers (A2 only)
9.1Superpowers
9.2Hard & Soft Power
9.2.1Hard & Soft Power
9.2.2Emerging Powers - China Rivalry
9.2.3Emerging Powers - Chinese Sources of Power
9.2.4Emerging Powers - Brazil
9.2.5Emerging Powers - Russia
9.2.6Emerging Powers - India
9.2.7Theories of Development
9.2.8Power Case Studies: Chinese One Belt One Road
9.2.9Power Case Studies: Pakistan Nuclear Arms
9.2.10Power Case Studies: OPEC
9.3IGOs, TNCs & Alliances
10Option 8A: Health & Human Rights (A2 only)
10.1Human Development
10.2Role of Governments & IGOs
10.3Human Rights
10.4Interventions
11Option 8B: Migration & Identity (A2 only)
11.1Globalisation & Migration
11.2Consequences of Migration
11.3Nation States
11.4Responses to Global Migration
Jump to other topics
1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.2Natural Disasters
1.3Natural Disaster Case Studies
1.4Trends & Patterns
2Option 2A: Glaciated Landscapes & Change
2.1Glaciated Landscapes Over Time
2.2Periglacial Landscapes
2.3Glacial Processes
2.4Glacial Landforms
3Option 2B: Coastal Landscapes & Change
3.1Coastal Landscapes
3.2Coastal Erosion & Deposition
3.3Coastal Risks
4Globalisation
4.1Globalisation
4.2Negatives of Globalisation
4.3Global Shift
4.5Culture
4.6Measuring Development
5Option 4A: Regenerating Places
5.1Types of Economies
5.2Function of Places
5.3Regeneration
5.4Regeneration Case Studies
6Option 4B: Diverse Places
6.1Population Structure
6.2Past & Present Connections
6.3Urban & Rural Spaces
6.4Diversity
6.5Urban & Rural Case Studies
6.6Case Study - Tower Hamlets
6.7Case Study - Sturton-le-Steeple
7The Water Cycle & Water Insecurity (A2 only)
7.1Hydrological Processes Global to Local
7.2Influences on the Water Cycle
7.3Water Insecurity
8The Carbon Cycle & Energy Security (A2 only)
8.1The Carbon Cycle
8.2Energy Consumption
8.3Alternative Energy
8.4Growing Demand for Resources
9Superpowers (A2 only)
9.1Superpowers
9.2Hard & Soft Power
9.2.1Hard & Soft Power
9.2.2Emerging Powers - China Rivalry
9.2.3Emerging Powers - Chinese Sources of Power
9.2.4Emerging Powers - Brazil
9.2.5Emerging Powers - Russia
9.2.6Emerging Powers - India
9.2.7Theories of Development
9.2.8Power Case Studies: Chinese One Belt One Road
9.2.9Power Case Studies: Pakistan Nuclear Arms
9.2.10Power Case Studies: OPEC
9.3IGOs, TNCs & Alliances
10Option 8A: Health & Human Rights (A2 only)
10.1Human Development
10.2Role of Governments & IGOs
10.3Human Rights
10.4Interventions
11Option 8B: Migration & Identity (A2 only)
11.1Globalisation & Migration
11.2Consequences of Migration
11.3Nation States
11.4Responses to Global Migration
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