6.4.3
Tensions & Conflict
Tensions Because of Changes to Land Use
Tensions Because of Changes to Land Use
Changes in diverse places can lead to tension and conflict.
Inner-city property
Inner-city property
- Culturally diverse populations in inner city areas often suffer from high levels of deprivation.
- The property available in these areas is often in high demand and some private developers and businesses are willing to pay high sums to purchase it.
- Regeneration schemes are common, often forcing original residents to relocate.
Regeneration
Regeneration
- Community involvement is largely limited in regeneration schemes and the lack of affordable housing increases.
- Local residents are not taken seriously and consulted properly.
- Many inner-city areas in cities such as London, Birmingham and Manchester are being gentrified and ‘socially-cleansed’ in this way.
Varying Attitudes to Regeneration Schemes
Varying Attitudes to Regeneration Schemes
Changes in diverse places can lead to tension and conflict. There have been varying responses to such schemes.
In favour
In favour
- Those in favour of the regeneration schemes argue that they will create jobs, improve the urban environment and improve the reputation of the areas.
Resistance to change
Resistance to change
- Others have resisted such changes rigorously and sometimes violently.
- E.g. riots in Brixton (1981), Broadwater Farm (1985) and Bradford (1995).
- These riots have often been ‘triggered’ by an unrelated event (e.g. an arrest or assault) but reflect deep-seated grievances.
'White flight'
'White flight'
- Others cite the phenomenon of ‘white flight’ – the movement of an existing population from an area due to the overwhelming presence of an incoming ethnic group.
- This feeling can be enhanced by the establishment of highly specific ethnic services for the immigrant group e.g. madrassa schools.
Hate Crimes
Hate Crimes
Hate crimes have risen since 2011/12. If ethnic minority groups and the wider UK society were living more peacefully together, we might expect to see a fall in hate crimes over time.
Hate crimes
Hate crimes
- Hate crime describes a crime motivated wholly or in part by the victim’s membership (or assumed membership) of a racial group, a religious group or sexual orientation, disability or transgender identity.
- There have been sharp increases in all strands in recent years.
- Note that changes in the methodology of collecting crime statistics and greater reporting of hate crime (i.e. better awareness of it) could affect these statistics.
Statistics
Statistics
- 74% increase in race-related hate crime between 2011/12 and 2016/17.
- 268% increase in religion-related hate crime between 2011/12 and 2016/17.
- 111% increase in sexual orientation-related hate crime between 2011/12 and 2016/17.
- 218% increase in disability-related hate crime between 2011/12 and 2016/17.
- 299% increase in transgender-related hate crime between 2011/12 and 2016/17.
1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.2Natural Disasters
1.3Natural Disaster Case Studies
1.4Trends & Patterns
2Option 2A: Glaciated Landscapes & Change
2.1Glaciated Landscapes Over Time
2.2Periglacial Landscapes
2.3Glacial Processes
2.4Glacial Landforms
3Option 2B: Coastal Landscapes & Change
3.1Coastal Landscapes
3.2Coastal Erosion & Deposition
3.3Coastal Risks
4Globalisation
4.1Globalisation
4.2Negatives of Globalisation
4.3Global Shift
4.5Culture
4.6Measuring Development
5Option 4A: Regenerating Places
5.1Types of Economies
5.2Function of Places
5.3Regeneration
5.4Regeneration Case Studies
6Option 4B: Diverse Places
6.1Population Structure
6.2Past & Present Connections
6.3Urban & Rural Spaces
6.4Diversity
6.5Urban & Rural Case Studies
6.6Case Study - Tower Hamlets
6.7Case Study - Sturton-le-Steeple
7The Water Cycle & Water Insecurity (A2 only)
7.1Hydrological Processes Global to Local
7.2Influences on the Water Cycle
7.3Water Insecurity
8The Carbon Cycle & Energy Security (A2 only)
8.1The Carbon Cycle
8.2Energy Consumption
8.3Alternative Energy
8.4Growing Demand for Resources
9Superpowers (A2 only)
9.1Superpowers
9.2Hard & Soft Power
9.2.1Hard & Soft Power
9.2.2Emerging Powers - China Rivalry
9.2.3Emerging Powers - Chinese Sources of Power
9.2.4Emerging Powers - Brazil
9.2.5Emerging Powers - Russia
9.2.6Emerging Powers - India
9.2.7Theories of Development
9.2.8Power Case Studies: Chinese One Belt One Road
9.2.9Power Case Studies: Pakistan Nuclear Arms
9.2.10Power Case Studies: OPEC
9.3IGOs, TNCs & Alliances
10Option 8A: Health & Human Rights (A2 only)
10.1Human Development
10.2Role of Governments & IGOs
10.3Human Rights
10.4Interventions
11Option 8B: Migration & Identity (A2 only)
11.1Globalisation & Migration
11.2Consequences of Migration
11.3Nation States
11.4Responses to Global Migration
Jump to other topics
1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.1Tectonic Processes & Hazards
1.2Natural Disasters
1.3Natural Disaster Case Studies
1.4Trends & Patterns
2Option 2A: Glaciated Landscapes & Change
2.1Glaciated Landscapes Over Time
2.2Periglacial Landscapes
2.3Glacial Processes
2.4Glacial Landforms
3Option 2B: Coastal Landscapes & Change
3.1Coastal Landscapes
3.2Coastal Erosion & Deposition
3.3Coastal Risks
4Globalisation
4.1Globalisation
4.2Negatives of Globalisation
4.3Global Shift
4.5Culture
4.6Measuring Development
5Option 4A: Regenerating Places
5.1Types of Economies
5.2Function of Places
5.3Regeneration
5.4Regeneration Case Studies
6Option 4B: Diverse Places
6.1Population Structure
6.2Past & Present Connections
6.3Urban & Rural Spaces
6.4Diversity
6.5Urban & Rural Case Studies
6.6Case Study - Tower Hamlets
6.7Case Study - Sturton-le-Steeple
7The Water Cycle & Water Insecurity (A2 only)
7.1Hydrological Processes Global to Local
7.2Influences on the Water Cycle
7.3Water Insecurity
8The Carbon Cycle & Energy Security (A2 only)
8.1The Carbon Cycle
8.2Energy Consumption
8.3Alternative Energy
8.4Growing Demand for Resources
9Superpowers (A2 only)
9.1Superpowers
9.2Hard & Soft Power
9.2.1Hard & Soft Power
9.2.2Emerging Powers - China Rivalry
9.2.3Emerging Powers - Chinese Sources of Power
9.2.4Emerging Powers - Brazil
9.2.5Emerging Powers - Russia
9.2.6Emerging Powers - India
9.2.7Theories of Development
9.2.8Power Case Studies: Chinese One Belt One Road
9.2.9Power Case Studies: Pakistan Nuclear Arms
9.2.10Power Case Studies: OPEC
9.3IGOs, TNCs & Alliances
10Option 8A: Health & Human Rights (A2 only)
10.1Human Development
10.2Role of Governments & IGOs
10.3Human Rights
10.4Interventions
11Option 8B: Migration & Identity (A2 only)
11.1Globalisation & Migration
11.2Consequences of Migration
11.3Nation States
11.4Responses to Global Migration
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