6.4.5

Managing Tensions

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Measuring the Management of Issues by Economic Progress

The management of cultural and demographic issues can be measured using a range of techniques. One way to do this is by looking at economic progress.

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Integration of migrants

  • One way to measure how successfully immigrants have been integrated into a society is to look at their employment and income levels.
  • Young, educated internal migrants in the UK appear to do well on these indicators.
  • Some international migrants from the EU and skilled professionals from other countries are also prospering, especially in service industries such as finance, education and health.
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Unemployment

  • However some ethnic minority groups (e.g. Black, Pakistani and Bangladeshi) suffer from poverty and relatively high unemployment, especially in Manchester, Birmingham and London.
  • There is some evidence that the situation for these minority ethnic groups is worsening.

Measuring Social Progress

Social progress can be seen in measures like inequality, mortality and life expectancy.

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Quality of life

  • Social progress (improvements to quality of life, health and welfare) can be measured by reductions in inequalities both between areas and within them.
  • These can include changes to demographic measures such as mortality and life expectancy.
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Inequality

  • Inequality can be measured using Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) data available online.
  • Evidence of inequality and social progress can be seen in variations and trends in child poverty.
    • A child is defined as being in poverty when living in a household with an income below 60% of the UK's average.

Cultural Assimilation

Cultural assimilation is the process whereby the culture of one group gradually begins to resemble that of another group. New immigrant groups slowly become more similar to the society they have moved into.

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Political engagement

  • Assimilation of different cultures can be measured by levels of political engagement through voter turnout, the development of local community groups and reductions in ‘hate’ crime and racism.
  • In the 2012 election for the Mayor of London, the proportion of voters from ethnic minorities was significantly less than that for white voters.
    • For example, 38% for Black voters vs 54% for White voters [N.B. similar data is not available for the 2016 election].
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Fitting in

  • Experience of UK language, media, education and employment helps immigrants ‘fit in’ over time.
  • This is not to say traditions and culture are lost, but they can be altered.
  • Community groups also assist in assimilation whilst at the same time supporting cultural values.
    • E.g. Aik Saath (Slough), or helping to protect or support people from outlawed cultural practices.
    • E.g. Midaye Somali Development Network for FGM (female genital mutilation) support.

Jump to other topics

1Tectonic Processes & Hazards

2Option 2A: Glaciated Landscapes & Change

3Option 2B: Coastal Landscapes & Change

4Globalisation

5Option 4A: Regenerating Places

6Option 4B: Diverse Places

7The Water Cycle & Water Insecurity (A2 only)

8The Carbon Cycle & Energy Security (A2 only)

9Superpowers (A2 only)

10Option 8A: Health & Human Rights (A2 only)

11Option 8B: Migration & Identity (A2 only)

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