3.4.4

Theories

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Uses & Gratifications Theory

Blumler and Katz Uses and Gratifications Theory can be applied to radio as it fulfils a range of audience needs and pleasures.

Entertainment/Diversion

Entertainment/Diversion

Radio is often played in the background to provide escapism and relaxation and radio is often used to provide information such as news and travel updates.

Personal Identity

Personal Identity

Radio can be used as a form of companionship.
People can feel that presenters are speaking directly to them.
Radio provides a very direct mode of address and is often interactive in nature.

Entertainment

Entertainment

Radio can be used as simple entertainment.

Reception Theory

According to Stuart Hall’s Reception Theory, audiences can be both passive and active in terms of their consumption of the media.

Audience positioning

Audience positioning

Radio by nature has a direct mode of address and attempts to position the listener to take a preferred reading.
It is important to consider who the target audience is for a radio program and how someone might take an negotiated or oppositional reading of the programme.

Active or passive audiences?

Active or passive audiences?

Radio is often played in the background, making it a good example of a text that might be passively consumed.
However it also often encourages interactivity via phone ins and competitions.
This demonstrate that audiences can be active in their use of the media.
Radio is therefore a good example of how audiences can be both passive and active in terms of their consumption of the media.

1

Overview

1.1

Media Language

1.1.1Media Language 1.1.2Media Language 2

1.2

Audience

1.2.1Audiences 1.2.2Audiences 2 1.2.3End of Topic Test - Media Language & Audience

1.3

Representation

1.3.1Stereotypes 1.3.2Gender 1.3.3Audiences

1.4

The Media Industry

1.4.1Media Industries 1.4.2Ownership 1.4.3Funding & Regulation 1.4.4End of Topic Test - Representation/Media Industry

2

Component 1: Section A

2.1

Magazines - Vogue

2.1.1Magazines 2.1.2Vogue - Context 2.1.3Vogue - Narrative 2.1.4Vogue - Representation

2.2

Magazines - GQ

2.2.1GQ - Context 2.2.2GQ - Narrative 2.2.3GQ - Representation

2.3

Advertising & Marketing

2.3.1Advertising & Marketing 2.3.2Analysing Adverts 2.3.3Analysing Adverts 2 2.3.4Theories & Principles 2.3.5End of Topic Test - Magazines & Advertising

2.4

Print Advertisements - Quality Street

2.4.1Quality Street - Context 2.4.2Quality Street - Narrative 2.4.3Quality Street - Representation

2.5

Print Advertisements - (2026 Exams) This Girl Can

2.5.1This Girl Can - Context 2.5.2This Girl Can - Narrative 2.5.3This Girl Can - Representation

2.6

Print Advertisements - (2027 Exams) NHS 111

2.6.1NHS 111 - Context 2.6.2NHS 111 - Narrative 2.6.3NHS 111 - Representation

2.7

Film Posters (Marketing)

2.7.1The Man with The Golden Gun 2.7.2The Man with The Golden Gun 2

2.8

Film - No Time To Die

2.8.1Context 2.8.2Narrative 2.8.3Representation

2.9

Newspapers

2.9.1Ownership & Regulation 2.9.2News Selection 2.9.3Media Language 2.9.4Genres 2.9.5Newspaper Conventions 2.9.6Representation 2.9.7Audience 2.9.8Theories 2.9.9End of Topic Test - Newspapers

2.10

The Sun

2.10.1Context 2.10.2Narrative 2.10.3Language & Images

2.11

The Guardian

2.11.1The Guardian 2.11.2Narrative 2.11.3Language & Images

2.12

(2028 Exams) The Sun

2.12.1The Sun - Context 2.12.2The Sun - Narrative 2.12.3The Sun - Representation

2.13

(2028 Exams) The Guardian

2.13.1The Guardian - Context 2.13.2The Guardian - Narrative 2.13.3The Guardian - Representation

3

Component 1: Section B

3.1

Video Games

3.1.1Video Games

3.2

Video Games - Fortnite

3.2.1Fortnite (2017) - Media Industries 3.2.2Fornite (2017) - Audience

3.3

Film

3.3.1The Big Six 3.3.2Technology 3.3.3End of Topic Test - Video Games & Films

3.4

Radio

3.4.1The Radio Industry 3.4.2Categories of Radio Station 3.4.3Technology & Radio Audiences 3.4.4Theories 3.4.5End of Topic Test - Radio

3.5

Radio - The Archers

3.5.1Production 3.5.2Media Industries 3.5.3Media Contexts 3.5.4Audiences 1 3.5.5Audiences 2

3.6

(2027 Exams) Radio - Desert Island Discs

3.6.1Media Industries 3.6.2Audiences 3.6.3Media Contexts

4

Component 2: Section A

4.1

Television

4.1.1The Television Industry 4.1.2Types of Broadcasting 4.1.3Media Language & TV 4.1.4Representation & Audiences 4.1.5Theories

4.2

Sitcom

4.2.1Sitcoms 4.2.2Friends 4.2.3Friends 2 4.2.4End of Topic Test - Sitcoms & Friends

4.3

Sitcom - Modern Family

4.3.1Media Language 4.3.2Representation 4.3.3Media Industries 4.3.4Audiences 4.3.5Media Contexts

4.4

Sitcom - Man Like Mobeen

4.4.1Media Language 4.4.2Representations 4.4.3Media Industries

4.5

(2026 Exams) Luther

4.5.1Context 4.5.2Media Language 4.5.3Representation 4.5.4Audience 4.5.5Industry

4.6

The Sweeney

4.6.1Context 4.6.2Media Language 4.6.3Representation 4.6.4Audience 4.6.5Industry

5

Component 2: Section B

5.1

Music Video

5.1.1Music Videos 5.1.2The Music Industry

5.2

Lizzo - 'Good as Hell'

5.2.1Context 5.2.2'Good as Hell'5.2.3Media Language 5.2.4Representation 5.2.5Audience 5.2.6Industry

5.3

Taylor Swift - 'The Man'

5.3.1Taylor Swift 5.3.2Media Language 5.3.3Representation 5.3.4Audiences 5.3.5Media Industries 5.3.6Media Contexts

5.4

Stormzy - 'Superheroes'

5.4.1Stormzy 5.4.2Media Language 5.4.3Representation 5.4.4Audiences 5.4.5Media Industries 5.4.6Media Contexts

5.5

Justin Bieber - 'Intentions'

5.5.1Justin Bieber 5.5.2Media Language 5.5.3Representation 5.5.4Audiences 5.5.5Media Industries 5.5.6Media Contexts

5.6

TLC - 'Waterfalls'

5.6.1TLC 5.6.2Media Language 5.6.3Representation 5.6.4Media Contexts

5.7

Duran Duran - 'Rio'

5.7.1Duran Duran 5.7.2Media Language 5.7.3Representation 5.7.4Media Contexts

5.8

Online Media - Lizzo

5.8.1Media Language 5.8.2Representation 5.8.3Audiences 5.8.4Media Contexts & Industries

5.9

Online Media - Taylor Swift

5.9.1Media Language 5.9.2Representation 5.9.3Audiences 5.9.4Media Contexts & Industries

5.10

Online Media - Stormzy

5.10.1Media Language 5.10.2Representation 5.10.3Audience 5.10.4Media Context & Industries

Jump to other topics

1

Overview

1.1

Media Language

1.1.1Media Language 1.1.2Media Language 2

1.2

Audience

1.2.1Audiences 1.2.2Audiences 2 1.2.3End of Topic Test - Media Language & Audience

1.3

Representation

1.3.1Stereotypes 1.3.2Gender 1.3.3Audiences

1.4

The Media Industry

1.4.1Media Industries 1.4.2Ownership 1.4.3Funding & Regulation 1.4.4End of Topic Test - Representation/Media Industry

2

Component 1: Section A

2.1

Magazines - Vogue

2.1.1Magazines 2.1.2Vogue - Context 2.1.3Vogue - Narrative 2.1.4Vogue - Representation

2.2

Magazines - GQ

2.2.1GQ - Context 2.2.2GQ - Narrative 2.2.3GQ - Representation

2.3

Advertising & Marketing

2.3.1Advertising & Marketing 2.3.2Analysing Adverts 2.3.3Analysing Adverts 2 2.3.4Theories & Principles 2.3.5End of Topic Test - Magazines & Advertising

2.4

Print Advertisements - Quality Street

2.4.1Quality Street - Context 2.4.2Quality Street - Narrative 2.4.3Quality Street - Representation

2.5

Print Advertisements - (2026 Exams) This Girl Can

2.5.1This Girl Can - Context 2.5.2This Girl Can - Narrative 2.5.3This Girl Can - Representation

2.6

Print Advertisements - (2027 Exams) NHS 111

2.6.1NHS 111 - Context 2.6.2NHS 111 - Narrative 2.6.3NHS 111 - Representation

2.7

Film Posters (Marketing)

2.7.1The Man with The Golden Gun 2.7.2The Man with The Golden Gun 2

2.8

Film - No Time To Die

2.8.1Context 2.8.2Narrative 2.8.3Representation

2.9

Newspapers

2.9.1Ownership & Regulation 2.9.2News Selection 2.9.3Media Language 2.9.4Genres 2.9.5Newspaper Conventions 2.9.6Representation 2.9.7Audience 2.9.8Theories 2.9.9End of Topic Test - Newspapers

2.10

The Sun

2.10.1Context 2.10.2Narrative 2.10.3Language & Images

2.11

The Guardian

2.11.1The Guardian 2.11.2Narrative 2.11.3Language & Images

2.12

(2028 Exams) The Sun

2.12.1The Sun - Context 2.12.2The Sun - Narrative 2.12.3The Sun - Representation

2.13

(2028 Exams) The Guardian

2.13.1The Guardian - Context 2.13.2The Guardian - Narrative 2.13.3The Guardian - Representation

3

Component 1: Section B

3.1

Video Games

3.1.1Video Games

3.2

Video Games - Fortnite

3.2.1Fortnite (2017) - Media Industries 3.2.2Fornite (2017) - Audience

3.3

Film

3.3.1The Big Six 3.3.2Technology 3.3.3End of Topic Test - Video Games & Films

3.4

Radio

3.4.1The Radio Industry 3.4.2Categories of Radio Station 3.4.3Technology & Radio Audiences 3.4.4Theories 3.4.5End of Topic Test - Radio

3.5

Radio - The Archers

3.5.1Production 3.5.2Media Industries 3.5.3Media Contexts 3.5.4Audiences 1 3.5.5Audiences 2

3.6

(2027 Exams) Radio - Desert Island Discs

3.6.1Media Industries 3.6.2Audiences 3.6.3Media Contexts

4

Component 2: Section A

4.1

Television

4.1.1The Television Industry 4.1.2Types of Broadcasting 4.1.3Media Language & TV 4.1.4Representation & Audiences 4.1.5Theories

4.2

Sitcom

4.2.1Sitcoms 4.2.2Friends 4.2.3Friends 2 4.2.4End of Topic Test - Sitcoms & Friends

4.3

Sitcom - Modern Family

4.3.1Media Language 4.3.2Representation 4.3.3Media Industries 4.3.4Audiences 4.3.5Media Contexts

4.4

Sitcom - Man Like Mobeen

4.4.1Media Language 4.4.2Representations 4.4.3Media Industries

4.5

(2026 Exams) Luther

4.5.1Context 4.5.2Media Language 4.5.3Representation 4.5.4Audience 4.5.5Industry

4.6

The Sweeney

4.6.1Context 4.6.2Media Language 4.6.3Representation 4.6.4Audience 4.6.5Industry

5

Component 2: Section B

5.1

Music Video

5.1.1Music Videos 5.1.2The Music Industry

5.2

Lizzo - 'Good as Hell'

5.2.1Context 5.2.2'Good as Hell'5.2.3Media Language 5.2.4Representation 5.2.5Audience 5.2.6Industry

5.3

Taylor Swift - 'The Man'

5.3.1Taylor Swift 5.3.2Media Language 5.3.3Representation 5.3.4Audiences 5.3.5Media Industries 5.3.6Media Contexts

5.4

Stormzy - 'Superheroes'

5.4.1Stormzy 5.4.2Media Language 5.4.3Representation 5.4.4Audiences 5.4.5Media Industries 5.4.6Media Contexts

5.5

Justin Bieber - 'Intentions'

5.5.1Justin Bieber 5.5.2Media Language 5.5.3Representation 5.5.4Audiences 5.5.5Media Industries 5.5.6Media Contexts

5.6

TLC - 'Waterfalls'

5.6.1TLC 5.6.2Media Language 5.6.3Representation 5.6.4Media Contexts

5.7

Duran Duran - 'Rio'

5.7.1Duran Duran 5.7.2Media Language 5.7.3Representation 5.7.4Media Contexts

5.8

Online Media - Lizzo

5.8.1Media Language 5.8.2Representation 5.8.3Audiences 5.8.4Media Contexts & Industries

5.9

Online Media - Taylor Swift

5.9.1Media Language 5.9.2Representation 5.9.3Audiences 5.9.4Media Contexts & Industries

5.10

Online Media - Stormzy

5.10.1Media Language 5.10.2Representation 5.10.3Audience 5.10.4Media Context & Industries

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1
Types of audience reading of media:Fill in the list
2
Why is radio a good example of a text that might be passively consumed?Multiple choice

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Technology & Radio Audiences

End of Topic Test - Radio