Goals & Targets

Test yourself

Goals

Goals can be split into performance goals and outcome goals.

Performance goals

The performer compares their performance against a previous performance to find out what they have done or what they are going to do in the future.
This does not involve a comparison with somebody else.
For example, a golfer may hope for a better drive off the tee than their last one.

Outcome goals

The focus here is on the end result. The goals are usually compared against other competitors.
The standard of the performance does not matter because the aim is purely focused on the outcome.
For example, a footballer may just want to win the match without caring about how he performs individually.

Setting Performance Goals

It is NOT always useful for performers to use performance goals and outcome goals together.

Beginners

For beginners, it is very important to focus on the performance rather than the outcome. This is because beginners can lose motivation through poor outcomes.
This is because outcome goals can rely on the performance of others, rather than just your own.

Elite athletes

Elite athletes are usually only driven by the outcome of winning.
Athletes use performance goals to develop specific areas of focus.
The outcome goals motivate them to succeed.

Top performers

The top performers are the most resilient (recover quickly). If they fail, they become even more determined to succeed. But if a beginner fails, they might not want to try.

Smart Targets

Regardless of the goals being set, we should always follow the SMART principles.

Specific

Your goals should be specific to the demands of your sport, the muscles that you use and the movements and techniques involved.
For example, there is no point in setting the goal of improving your speed if you are a golfer.

Measurable

Your goals should be measurable so that you can clearly see whether you have achieved them or not.
If your goal is to improve your speed, you need to carry out regular speed tests to measure your progress.

Accepted

The performer and the performer’s coach must agree on the goals that are set.
If a performer accepts the goals, they will be more motivated to achieve and work towards them.

Realistic

Your goals must be achievable. If they are too difficult to achieve, then the performer could lose interest and give up on them.

Time-bound

Your goals must be set over a fixed period of time.
This gives a performer enough time to achieve them. There is no point in asking a performer to improve their speed by an unrealistic amount in just one week.

1Applied Anatomy & Physiology

1.1The Musculoskeletal System

1.1.1Musculoskeletal Structure

1.1.2Structure of the Skeleton

1.1.3Functions of the Skeleton

1.1.4Joints

1.1.5Joints 2

1.1.6Antagonistic Muscle Movement

1.1.7End of Topic Test - The Musculoskeletal System

1.1.8Exam-Style Questions - Musculoskeletal System

1.2The Cardio-Respiratory System

1.2.1Pathway of Air

1.2.2Blood Vessels

1.2.3Blood Vessels 2

1.2.4Structure of the Heart

1.2.5Cardiac Cycle

1.2.6Measures of Heart Performance

1.2.7The Mechanics of Breathing

1.2.8The Mechanics of Breathing 2

1.2.9The Lungs

1.2.10End of Topic Test - The Cardio-Respiratory System

1.2.11Exam-Style Questions - Cardio-Respiratory System

1.3Anaerobic & Aerobic Exercise

1.3.1Aerobic & Anaerobic Respiration

1.3.2Recovering After Exercise

1.3.3Treatments for Recovery

1.4Short-Term Effects of Exercise

1.4.1Short-Term Effects of Exercise

1.4.2Long-Term Effects of Exercise

2Movement Analysis

2.1Lever Systems

2.1.1Lever Systems

2.1.2Mechanical Advantage

2.1.3Basic Sporting Movements

2.1.4Basic Sporting Movements 2

2.2Planes & Axes of Movement

2.2.1Planes & Axes of Movement

2.2.2End of Topic Test - Movement Analysis

2.2.3Exam-Style Questions - Movement

3Physical Training

3.1Health & Fitness

3.1.1Health & Fitness

3.2The Components of Fitness

3.2.1The Components of Fitness

3.2.2Sports & Fitness

3.2.3Fitness Testing

3.2.4Measuring Agility & Balance

3.2.5Measuring Cardiovascular & Coordination

3.2.6Measuring Endurance & Power

3.2.7Measuring Reaction Time & Strength

3.2.8Measuring Strength, Speed & Flexibility

3.2.9End of Topic Test - The Components of Fitness

3.2.10Exam-Style Questions - Fitness Tests

4The Principles of Training

4.1Principles of Training

4.1.1Principles & Circuit Training

4.1.2Continuous & Fartlek Training

4.1.3Plyometric & Static Training

4.1.4Weight & Interval Training

4.2Optimising Training

4.2.1Optimising Training

4.2.2Altitude & Seasonal Training

4.2.3Warming Up

4.2.4Cooling Down

4.2.5End of Topic Test - Principles & Optimisation

4.2.6Exam-Style Questions - Sport-Specific Fitness

5Using Data

5.1Types of Data

5.1.1Quantitative Data

5.1.2Qualitative Data

5.2Data Presentation & Analysis

5.2.1Data Presentation & Analysis

6Sports Psychology

6.1Skills

6.1.1Skills

6.1.2Skills 2

6.1.3Goals & Targets

6.1.4Skills HyperLearning

6.2Feedback & Preparation

6.2.1Information Processing

6.2.2Guidance

6.2.3Guidance 2

6.2.4Feedback

6.2.5Mental Preparation

6.2.6Controlling & Optimising Arousal

6.2.7Exam-Style Questions - Skills & Guidance

6.3Personality & Behaviour

6.3.1Aggression

6.3.2Motivation

6.3.3Personality Types

6.3.4End of Topic Test - Sports Psychology

6.3.5Exam-Style Questions - Aggression & Motivation

7Socio-cultural Influences

8Health & Fitness

8.1Overview of Health

8.1.1Well-Being & Fitness

8.1.2Types of Health

8.2Sedentary Lifestyles

8.2.1Sedentary Lifestyle

8.2.2Obesity & Performance

8.2.3Somatotypes

8.3Nutrition & Hydration

8.3.1Nutrition

8.3.2Nutrition 2

8.3.3Hydration

8.3.4End of Topic Test - Health & Fitness

8.3.5Exam-Style Questions - Nutrition & Hydration

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