Skills 2

Classifications of Skills - Basic vs Complex

Skills can be classified on a spectrum (continuum) from basic to complex. This relates to who is learning the skill (beginner or expert), the level of decision making and the difficulty of the skill itself.

Basic skills

In basic skills, not many decisions need to be made, they are usually carried out by a beginner and they are easy to learn.
Walking and jumping are basic skills.

Complex skills

Complex skills need a high level of decision making. They are usually carried out by experienced performers and they can take a long time to learn.
Bowling in cricket is a complex skill because a performer needs the coordination of several movements to effectively run up and deliver an accurate ball with spin or at speed.

Classifications of Skills - Open vs Closed

Open or closed skills relate to what is happening in the environment and whether the skill is going to be affected by an external (outside) factor or not.

Open skill

In an open skill, the way the skill is performed is affected by the environment you are in (positioning of the opposition, the weather or the terrain (type of ground)).
These are usually externally paced skills (outside the control of the performer).
A pass in football depends on the position of the opposition players, the performer's position on the pitch, the weather conditions and the terrain.

Closed skill

In a closed skill, the way the skill is performed is not affected by the environment you are in (i.e there is no impact from the opposition, the weather or the terrain etc).
These are usually internally paced skills (within the control of the performer).
A somersault in gymnastics is not affected by external factors because it is a skill that is being performed in the performer's own time. There is no pressure from the opposition.

Classifications of Skills - Self-paced vs Externally-paced

Whether a skill is more self-paced or more externally-paced depends on who or what is controlling the skill, the speed or the rate.

Self-paced

The performer initiates (starts) the skill. Therefore, the performer decides when to start and the speed or rate of the skill.
For example:
- During the long jump, the performer starts the run up when they feel ready.
- During a marathon, the runner decides the pace they feel they need to run at.

Externally-paced

An external factor initiates (starts) the skill. This could mean that an opponent decides when to start and the speed or rate of the skill being performed.
For example:
- When receiving a serve in badminton, a performer returns a shot when the opponent serves. The opponent decides when to serve and how fast to serve.
- When marking an opponent in handball, your movement depends on the movement of the opposition (you move when they move).

1Applied Anatomy & Physiology

1.1The Musculoskeletal System

1.1.1Musculoskeletal Structure

1.1.2Structure of the Skeleton

1.1.3Functions of the Skeleton

1.1.4Joints

1.1.5Joints 2

1.1.6Antagonistic Muscle Movement

1.1.7End of Topic Test - The Musculoskeletal System

1.1.8Exam-Style Questions - Musculoskeletal System

1.2The Cardio-Respiratory System

1.2.1Pathway of Air

1.2.2Blood Vessels

1.2.3Blood Vessels 2

1.2.4Structure of the Heart

1.2.5Cardiac Cycle

1.2.6Measures of Heart Performance

1.2.7The Mechanics of Breathing

1.2.8The Mechanics of Breathing 2

1.2.9The Lungs

1.2.10End of Topic Test - The Cardio-Respiratory System

1.2.11Exam-Style Questions - Cardio-Respiratory System

1.3Anaerobic & Aerobic Exercise

1.3.1Aerobic & Anaerobic Respiration

1.3.2Recovering After Exercise

1.3.3Treatments for Recovery

1.4Short-Term Effects of Exercise

1.4.1Short-Term Effects of Exercise

1.4.2Long-Term Effects of Exercise

2Movement Analysis

2.1Lever Systems

2.1.1Lever Systems

2.1.2Mechanical Advantage

2.1.3Basic Sporting Movements

2.1.4Basic Sporting Movements 2

2.2Planes & Axes of Movement

2.2.1Planes & Axes of Movement

2.2.2End of Topic Test - Movement Analysis

2.2.3Exam-Style Questions - Movement

3Physical Training

3.1Health & Fitness

3.1.1Health & Fitness

3.2The Components of Fitness

3.2.1The Components of Fitness

3.2.2Sports & Fitness

3.2.3Fitness Testing

3.2.4Measuring Agility & Balance

3.2.5Measuring Cardiovascular & Coordination

3.2.6Measuring Endurance & Power

3.2.7Measuring Reaction Time & Strength

3.2.8Measuring Strength, Speed & Flexibility

3.2.9End of Topic Test - The Components of Fitness

3.2.10Exam-Style Questions - Fitness Tests

4The Principles of Training

4.1Principles of Training

4.1.1Principles & Circuit Training

4.1.2Continuous & Fartlek Training

4.1.3Plyometric & Static Training

4.1.4Weight & Interval Training

4.2Optimising Training

4.2.1Optimising Training

4.2.2Altitude & Seasonal Training

4.2.3Warming Up

4.2.4Cooling Down

4.2.5End of Topic Test - Principles & Optimisation

4.2.6Exam-Style Questions - Sport-Specific Fitness

5Using Data

5.1Types of Data

5.1.1Quantitative Data

5.1.2Qualitative Data

5.2Data Presentation & Analysis

5.2.1Data Presentation & Analysis

6Sports Psychology

6.1Skills

6.1.1Skills

6.1.2Skills 2

6.1.3Goals & Targets

6.1.4Skills HyperLearning

6.2Feedback & Preparation

6.2.1Information Processing

6.2.2Guidance

6.2.3Guidance 2

6.2.4Feedback

6.2.5Mental Preparation

6.2.6Controlling & Optimising Arousal

6.2.7Exam-Style Questions - Skills & Guidance

6.3Personality & Behaviour

6.3.1Aggression

6.3.2Motivation

6.3.3Personality Types

6.3.4End of Topic Test - Sports Psychology

6.3.5Exam-Style Questions - Aggression & Motivation

7Socio-cultural Influences

8Health & Fitness

8.1Overview of Health

8.1.1Well-Being & Fitness

8.1.2Types of Health

8.2Sedentary Lifestyles

8.2.1Sedentary Lifestyle

8.2.2Obesity & Performance

8.2.3Somatotypes

8.3Nutrition & Hydration

8.3.1Nutrition

8.3.2Nutrition 2

8.3.3Hydration

8.3.4End of Topic Test - Health & Fitness

8.3.5Exam-Style Questions - Nutrition & Hydration

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