2.1.3

Basic Sporting Movements

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Basic Movements - the Elbow

The hinge joint in the elbow is made up of the humerus, radius and ulna. The muscles used to move this joint are the biceps and triceps.

Football throw-in

Football throw-in

  • During a throw-in in football, the triceps contract and shorten (concentric contraction) to straighten (extend) the arm.
  • The triceps are the prime mover (agonist) because their contraction moves the arm directly. But the biceps relax and extend (antagonist) to counteract (act against) this action.
Bicep curl

Bicep curl

  • During a bicep curl, the biceps are the prime mover and contract concentrically to create flexion (bending the arm). The triceps relax and extend, which makes them the antagonist.

Basic Movements - the Knee

The hinge joint in the knee is made up of the femur, tibia and fibula. The muscles used to move this joint are the quadriceps and hamstrings.

Running or kicking

Running or kicking

  • When running/kicking/standing/jumping/squatting, the quadriceps contract and shorten (concentric contraction) to straighten (extend) the leg out in front.
  • The quadriceps are the prime mover (agonist) because their contraction moves the leg directly.
  • But the hamstrings relax and extend (antagonist) to counteract (act against) this action.
Pushing off the floor

Pushing off the floor

  • When pushing off the floor, the hamstrings are the prime mover as they contract and shorten (concentric contraction) to cause flexion at the knee (bending of the leg).
  • The quadriceps relax and extend, which makes them the antagonist.

Basic Movements - The Hip

The ball and socket joint in the hip is made up of the femur and pelvis. The muscles used to move this joint are the hip flexor and the gluteus maximus.

Running and kicking: part 1

Running and kicking: part 1

  • During running/kicking/standing/jumping/squatting, the gluteus maximus contracts and shortens (concentric contraction) to extend the hip (push the hip forwards).
Running and kicking: part 2

Running and kicking: part 2

  • During running/kicking/standing/jumping/squatting, (lifting the leg) the hip flexors contract and shorten (concentrically) to cause flexion at the hip. The hip flexors are the prime mover (agonist) because their contraction directly moves the hip. But the gluteus maximus relaxes and extends (antagonist) to counteract (act against) this action.
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1

Applied Anatomy & Physiology

1.1

The Musculoskeletal System

1.1.1Musculoskeletal Structure1.1.2Structure of the Skeleton1.1.3Functions of the Skeleton1.1.4Joints1.1.5Joints 21.1.6Antagonistic Muscle Movement1.1.7End of Topic Test - The Musculoskeletal System1.1.8Exam-Style Questions - Musculoskeletal System1.1.9Diagnostic Misconceptions - Contractions
1.2

The Cardio-Respiratory System

1.2.1Pathway of Air1.2.2Blood Vessels1.2.3Blood Vessels 21.2.4Structure of the Heart1.2.5Cardiac Cycle1.2.6Measures of Heart Performance1.2.7The Mechanics of Breathing1.2.8The Mechanics of Breathing 21.2.9The Lungs1.2.10End of Topic Test - The Cardio-Respiratory System1.2.11Exam-Style Questions - Cardio-Respiratory System1.2.12Diagnostic Misconceptions - Pathway of Blood1.2.13Diagnostic Misconceptions - Cardiac Output
1.3

Anaerobic & Aerobic Exercise

1.3.1Aerobic & Anaerobic Respiration1.3.2Recovering After Exercise1.3.3Treatments for Recovery1.3.4Diagnostic Misconceptions - Aerobic vs Anaerobic
1.4

Short-Term Effects of Exercise

1.4.1Short-Term Effects of Exercise1.4.2Long-Term Effects of Exercise
2

Movement Analysis

2.1

Lever Systems

2.1.1Lever Systems2.1.2Mechanical Advantage2.1.3Basic Sporting Movements2.1.4Basic Sporting Movements 22.1.5Diagnostic Misconceptions - Types of Lever Systems
2.2

Planes & Axes of Movement

2.2.1Planes & Axes of Movement2.2.2End of Topic Test - Movement Analysis2.2.3Exam-Style Questions - Movement2.2.4Diagnostic Misconceptions - Planes vs Axes
3

Physical Training

3.1

Health & Fitness

3.1.1Health & Fitness
3.2

The Components of Fitness

3.2.1The Components of Fitness3.2.2Sports & Fitness3.2.3Fitness Testing3.2.4Measuring Agility & Balance3.2.5Measuring Cardiovascular & Coordination3.2.6Measuring Endurance & Power3.2.7Measuring Reaction Time & Strength3.2.8Measuring Strength, Speed & Flexibility3.2.9End of Topic Test - The Components of Fitness3.2.10Exam-Style Questions - Fitness Tests
4

The Principles of Training

4.1

Principles of Training

4.1.1Principles & Circuit Training4.1.2Continuous & Fartlek Training4.1.3Plyometric & Static Training4.1.4Weight & Interval Training4.1.5Diagnostic Misconceptions - Types of Training
4.2

Optimising Training

4.2.1Optimising Training4.2.2Altitude & Seasonal Training4.2.3Warming Up4.2.4Cooling Down4.2.5End of Topic Test - Principles & Optimisation4.2.6Exam-Style Questions - Sport-Specific Fitness
5

Using Data

5.1

Types of Data

5.1.1Quantitative Data5.1.2Qualitative Data
5.2

Data Presentation & Analysis

5.2.1Data Presentation & Analysis
6

Sports Psychology

6.1

Skills

6.1.1Skills6.1.2Skills 26.1.3Goals & Targets6.1.4Skills HyperLearning
6.2

Feedback & Preparation

6.2.1Information Processing6.2.2Guidance6.2.3Guidance 26.2.4Feedback6.2.5Mental Preparation6.2.6Controlling & Optimising Arousal6.2.7Exam-Style Questions - Skills & Guidance
6.3

Personality & Behaviour

6.3.1Aggression6.3.2Motivation6.3.3Personality Types6.3.4End of Topic Test - Sports Psychology6.3.5Exam-Style Questions - Aggression & Motivation6.3.6Diagnostic Misconceptions - Aggression
7

Socio-cultural Influences

7.1

Engagement Patterns of Different Social Groups

7.1.1Engagement - Gender7.1.2Engagement - Ethnicity7.1.3Engagement - Age & Family7.1.4Engagement - Disability
7.2

Commercialisation

7.2.1Media7.2.2Commercialisation7.2.3Commercialisation 27.2.4Sponsorship7.2.5Arguments for Sponsorship7.2.6Impact of Sponsorship7.2.7End of Topic Test - Engagement & Commercialisation7.2.8Exam-Style Questions - Commercialisation & Conduct
7.3

Ethical & Socio-cultural Issues

7.3.1Impact of Technology on Performers7.3.2Impact of Technology on Performers 27.3.3Impact of Technology on Sport7.3.4Impact of Technology on Sport 27.3.5Sporting Conduct & Banned Substances7.3.6Blood Doping7.3.7Drug Restrictions7.3.8Drug Restrictions 27.3.9Spectator Behaviour7.3.10End of Topic Test - Ethical Issues7.3.11Exam-Style Questions - Performance Enhancing Drugs7.3.12Diagnostic Misconceptions - Conduct in Sport
8

Health & Fitness

8.1

Overview of Health

8.1.1Well-Being & Fitness8.1.2Types of Health
8.2

Sedentary Lifestyles

8.2.1Sedentary Lifestyle8.2.2Obesity & Performance8.2.3Somatotypes8.2.4Diagnostic Misconceptions - Somatypes
8.3

Nutrition & Hydration

8.3.1Nutrition8.3.2Nutrition 28.3.3Hydration8.3.4End of Topic Test - Health & Fitness8.3.5Exam-Style Questions - Nutrition & Hydration

Practice questions on Basic Sporting Movements

Can you answer these? Test yourself with free interactive practice on Seneca — used by over 10 million students.

  1. 1
    Which of the three following bones make up the hinge joint in the elbow?True / false
  2. 2
    The two main movers in a joint are known as what?True / false
  3. 3
    During a bicep curl, what role do the triceps play?Multiple choice
  4. 4
    Which of the following components make up the hinge joint in the knee?True / false
  5. 5
    In which of these scenarios would the hamstrings be the prime mover?Multiple choice
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Mechanical Advantage

Basic Sporting Movements 2