Menstrual Hormones
Biology: AQA GCSE Higher, topic 5.3.21
Menstrual Hormones
The menstrual cycle is controlled by four hormones from the endocrine system. These hormones are:
FSH
- FSH stands for Follicle Stimulating Hormone.
- It is released by the pituitary gland and causes an egg in the ovary to mature.
- FSH also stimulates (encourages) the production of oestrogen.
Oestrogen
- Oestrogen is produced in the ovaries and causes the development of the thick, spongy uterus lining.
- Oestrogen also stimulates the production of Luteinising Hormone (LH) and inhibits (stops) the production of FSH.
LH
- LH stands for Luteinising Hormone.
- LH is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of a mature egg on Day 14 of the menstrual cycle.
- This release is called ovulation.
Progesterone
- Progesterone is produced in the ovaries after ovulation.
- It is responsible for maintaining the lining of the uterus during days 14-28.
- When progesterone levels drop, this triggers the breakdown of the lining. This marks day 1 of the next menstrual cycle.
- Progesterone also inhibits (stops) the release of LH and FSH.
Test yourself on Menstrual Hormones
Which hormone causes an egg in the ovary to mature?
What happens to the uterus lining when progesterone levels drop at the end of the menstrual cycle?
What effect does progesterone have on FSH and LH after ovulation?
What would happen to the uterus lining if progesterone production stopped straight after ovulation, instead of continuing until day 28?
FSH and LH are both released by the pituitary gland. Which option correctly describes their different roles?