Menstruation

Biology: AQA GCSE Higher, topic 5.3.20

The Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is a monthly cycle, which involves the maturation (process of maturing) and release of an egg. If sexual intercourse has occurred, this can result in pregnancy.

Key hormones

Key hormones

  • The menstrual cycle is controlled by four hormones from the endocrine system:
  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  • Oestrogen
  • Luteinising Hormone (LH)
  • Progesterone
Stages

Stages

  • The menstrual cycle can be divided into four stages depending on the levels of the hormones.
Eggs

Eggs

  • A female is born with all of her eggs ready, but only one egg will mature each month once the female reaches puberty.

Test yourself on Menstruation

  • A female's last menstrual cycle began four weeks ago. Is she likely to start her next cycle soon?

  • A couple have sexual intercourse shortly after the woman's egg has matured and been released. Could this result in pregnancy?

  • Which of the following are true of the menstrual cycle?

  • A female has already released several eggs over multiple menstrual cycles since reaching puberty. Where did these eggs originally come from?

  • A female's period is now eight weeks overdue, with no period in between. Based on how often the menstrual cycle usually repeats, what does this suggest?

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