Past Participles
Spanish: AQA A Level, topic 16.14.3
Regular Past Participles
To form the past participle, remove the infinitive ending and add the endings ‘ado’ or ‘ido’ to the verb stem.
AR verbs
- To form the past participles of AR verbs, take the infinitive and replace the ‘ar’ with ’ado'.
- Estudiar → estudiado (studied).
IR and ER verbs
- To form the past participles of IR verbs, take the infinitive and replace the 'ir' with 'ido'.
- Salir → salido (gone out).
- To form the past participles of ER verbs, take the infinitive and replace the 'er' with 'ido'.
- Conocer → conocido (known).
Irregular Past Participles
There are certain irregular past participles and there is no rule to help learn them. But they can be grouped in certain irregular patterns. Derivatives of these verbs will follow the same pattern.
Ending in 'ierto'
- Abrir → abierto (opened).
- Cubrir → cubierto (covered).
- Descubrir → descubierto (discovered).
Ending in 'ito'
- Escribir → escrito (written).
- Describir → descrito (described).
- Freír → frito (fried).
Ending in 'sto'
- Ver → visto (seen).
- Poner → puesto (put).
- The derivatives of 'poner' also follow this pattern.
- Imponer → impuesto (imposed).
- Suponer → supuesto (supposed).
Ending in 'cho'
- Decir → dicho (said).
- Hacer → hecho (done).
Irregular Past Participles
These are the final three irregular past participles. Derivatives of these verbs follow the same pattern.
Volver → Vuelto (returned)
Soltar → Suelto (released)
Morir → Muerto (died)
Test yourself on Past Participles
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