9.1.3
Sociological Approaches: New Media
Marxism and Neo Marxism
Marxism and Neo Marxism
Marxists believe that the media have ideological dominance.
Marxism
Marxism
- The media reinforces the dominant position of the ruling class in a capitalist society and affirms the patterns of power that exist.
- This creates an ‘ideological smokescreen’ that persuades the working class to accept their position in society.
Ruling class hegemony
Ruling class hegemony
- Marxists believe that the media is owned and controlled by the ruling class and those who own the media will directly influence the content to reflect their interest.
- This maintains ruling class hegemony and feeds into the proletariats false class consciousness.
Neo Marxism
Neo Marxism
- The media emphasises the power of ruling class hegemony.
- This ideology is spread because the journalists accept it and believe it to be reasonable to do so.
- They argue that the media is controlled by the journalists.
- Journalist are socialised into the dominant ideology so therefore will reflect the values of the ruling class.
- However this bias is unintentional, it is a by-product of the journalists socialisation.
Pluralism
Pluralism
Pluralists differ from Marxists. They argue that ideological domination in the media is prevented for several reasons.
Preventing ideological domination
Preventing ideological domination
- The diversity of the mass media products, the different platforms for broadcasting and the range of pressures that influence the production of the media serve to ensure that ideological domination cannot take place.
Consumer choice
Consumer choice
- Pluralists argue that consumer choice will dictate the content of media and all tastes are catered for.
Pluralism
Pluralism
- They point out that the media is:
- Owned by different organisations.
- Regulated by the government.
- The content is controlled by consumer choice.
Profit
Profit
- Owners want profit and need an audience so they provide the audience with what they want.
Journalists
Journalists
- Journalists have independence and are not manipulated by the owners.
1Theory & Methods
1.1Sociological Theories
1.2Sociological Methods
2Education with Methods in Context
2.1Role & Function of the Education System
2.2Educational Achievement
2.3Relationships & Processes Within Schools
3Option 1: Culture & Identity
3.1Conceptions of Culture
3.2Identity & Socialisation
3.3Social Identity
3.4Production, Consumption & Globalisation
4Option 1: Families & Households
4.1Families & Households
4.2Changing Patterns
4.3The Symmetrical Family
4.4Children & Childhood
5Option 1: Health
5.1Social Constructions
5.2Social Distribution of Healthcare
5.3Provision & Access to Healthcare
5.4Mental Health
6Option 1: Work, Poverty & Welfare
6.1Poverty & Wealth
7Option 2: Beliefs in Society
7.1Ideology, Science & Religion
7.2Religious Movements
7.3Society & Religion
8Option 2: Global Development
8.1Development, Underdevelopment & Global Inequality
8.2Globalisation & Global Organisations
8.3Aid, Trade, Industrialisation, Urbanisation
9Option 2: The Media
9.1Contemporary Media
9.2Media Representations
10Crime & Deviance
10.1Crime & Society
10.2Social Distribution of Crime
Jump to other topics
1Theory & Methods
1.1Sociological Theories
1.2Sociological Methods
2Education with Methods in Context
2.1Role & Function of the Education System
2.2Educational Achievement
2.3Relationships & Processes Within Schools
3Option 1: Culture & Identity
3.1Conceptions of Culture
3.2Identity & Socialisation
3.3Social Identity
3.4Production, Consumption & Globalisation
4Option 1: Families & Households
4.1Families & Households
4.2Changing Patterns
4.3The Symmetrical Family
4.4Children & Childhood
5Option 1: Health
5.1Social Constructions
5.2Social Distribution of Healthcare
5.3Provision & Access to Healthcare
5.4Mental Health
6Option 1: Work, Poverty & Welfare
6.1Poverty & Wealth
7Option 2: Beliefs in Society
7.1Ideology, Science & Religion
7.2Religious Movements
7.3Society & Religion
8Option 2: Global Development
8.1Development, Underdevelopment & Global Inequality
8.2Globalisation & Global Organisations
8.3Aid, Trade, Industrialisation, Urbanisation
9Option 2: The Media
9.1Contemporary Media
9.2Media Representations
10Crime & Deviance
10.1Crime & Society
10.2Social Distribution of Crime
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