9.1.3

Sociological Approaches: New Media

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Marxism and Neo Marxism

Marxists believe that the media have ideological dominance.

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Marxism 

  • The media reinforces the dominant position of the ruling class in a capitalist society and affirms the patterns of power that exist. ​
  • This creates an ‘ideological smokescreen’ that persuades the working class to accept their position in society.
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Ruling class hegemony

  • Marxists believe that the media is owned and controlled by the ruling class and those who own the media will directly influence the content to reflect their interest. 
  • This maintains ruling class hegemony and feeds into the proletariats false class consciousness.
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Socialisation of journalists

  • They also argue that journalists are socialised in the dominant ideology and will therefore reflect the values of the ruling class.
  • Journalists will go along with the owner’s views as they depend on them for their jobs. 
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Neo Marxism 

  • The media emphasises the power of ruling class hegemony.
  • This ideology is spread because the journalists accept it and believe it to be reasonable to do so. 
  • They argue that the media is controlled by the journalists.
  • Journalist are socialised into the dominant ideology so therefore will reflect the values of the ruling class.
  • However this bias is unintentional, it is a by-product of the journalists socialisation.

Pluralism

Pluralists differ from Marxists. They argue that ideological domination in the media is prevented for several reasons.

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Preventing ideological domination

  • The diversity of the mass media products, the different platforms for broadcasting and the range of pressures that influence the production of the media serve to ensure that ideological domination cannot take place.
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Consumer choice

  • Pluralists argue that consumer choice will dictate the content of media and all tastes are catered for.
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Pluralism

  • They point out that the media is:
    • Owned by different organisations.
    • Regulated by the government.
    • The content is controlled by consumer choice.
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Profit

  • Owners want profit and need an audience so they provide the audience with what they want.
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Journalists

  • Journalists have independence and are not manipulated by the owners. 

Jump to other topics

1Theory & Methods

2Education with Methods in Context

3Option 1: Culture & Identity

4Option 1: Families & Households

5Option 1: Health

6Option 1: Work, Poverty & Welfare

7Option 2: Beliefs in Society

8Option 2: Global Development

9Option 2: The Media

10Crime & Deviance

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