5.5.1

The Functionalist Approach

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The Functionalist View of the Medical Profession

Functionalists view the medical profession as protecting patients and benefitting society. They support the biomedical model of health, suggesting that it has brought power and prestige to the medical profession.

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The biomedical model

  • The biomedical model has given doctors and other medical professionals power and control and the ability to effectively treat patients, through the following:
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The medical profession

  • Expert knowledge gained through many years of training.
  • Altruism, or the ability to act only in the interests of the patient.
  • Universalistic values, that is, they act with values that apply equally to everyone.
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The medical profession cont.

  • A legal monopoly; only those who are qualified can legally practice medicine.
  • A code of ethics which controls and regulates medical professionals by, for example, ensuring that the needs of the patients are always put first and that confidentiality is protected.

Criticisms of the Functionalist View

Functionalists view the medical profession as protecting patients and benefitting society. However marxists, feminists and other arguments challenge this assertion.

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Ideology

  • Weberian and neo-Marxists argue that professionalism isn’t good for society and is part of an ideology used by the medical profession to advance and defend its own status, power and financial rewards.
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Marxist views

  • Marxists argue that, because most health professionals work in the NHS, they are likely to place cost ahead of appropriate treatment.
  • Navarro insists that the health professionals are more concerned with social control of the sick by getting them back to work as quickly as possible in service of a capitalist economy.
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Feminist view

  • Feminists argue that doctors reinforce patriarchy, for example, through the policing of motherhood and their control over women through the medicalization of pregnancy and childbirth.
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Values

  • Doctors do no always operate with universalistic values, such as treating all patients equally, for example, by giving private patients preferential treatment.
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Lack of control of quality

  • There is little control over the quality and competence of diagnosis and treatment; training and specialist knowledge mean that doctors are given a great deal of independence, so incompetent doctors are rarely discovered or their decisions challenged.
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Iatrogenesis

  • There is a problem with iatrogenesis, that is, some medical treatments do more harm than good.

Jump to other topics

1Theory & Methods

2Education with Methods in Context

3Option 1: Culture & Identity

4Option 1: Families & Households

5Option 1: Health

6Option 1: Work, Poverty & Welfare

7Option 2: Beliefs in Society

8Option 2: Global Development

9Option 2: The Media

10Crime & Deviance

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