10.2.5
Types of Crimes
Green Crime
Green Crime
South claims there are two types of green crime: primary and secondary green crime.
Primary green crimes
Primary green crimes
- Air pollution:
- Walters claims that twice as many people die from air pollution induced illnesses compared to 20 years ago.
- Deforestation:
- Between 1960 and 1990, 1/5 of the Amazon Rainforest was destroyed.
Primary green crimes cont.
Primary green crimes cont.
- Water pollution:
- Half a billion people lack access to clean drinking water.
- 25 million people die annually from drinking contaminated water.
Secondary green crimes
Secondary green crimes
- State violence against oppositional groups:
- In 1985, the French government attacked a Greenpeace ship named the ‘Rainbow Warrior’ in New Zealand because it was blocking the testing of nuclear weapons in the region.
- Disposal of toxic waste:
- To safely dispose of toxic waste, organisations and governments.
Anthropocentric views
Anthropocentric views
- White suggests that the law protects the offenders more than the environment because humans have an ‘anthropocentric' world view.
- This means that humans tend to believe that they have the right to dominate the planet and therefore are more important than all other species.
Ecocentric views
Ecocentric views
- The opposite approach would be to take an ‘ecocentric’ world view.
- This approach suggests that individuals should see humans as being part of a larger ecosystem and therefore equally important to other species and the environment.
Human Rights and State Crimes
Human Rights and State Crimes
Green and Ward define state crimes as ‘illegal or deviant activities perpetuated by, or with the complicity of, state agencies’.
State crimes
State crimes
- Green and Ward define state crimes as ‘illegal or deviant activities perpetuated by, or with the complicity of, state agencies’.
- McLaughlin argues that the scale of state crime is huge and this is due to the power that governments hold.
- The state makes the law and as a result they can conceal their own actions.
Adorno
Adorno
- Adorno discuss the authoritarian personality theory, and claims that individuals follow the orders of their superiors, without question.
- This commonly occurs during war, according to Adorno, which may explain why usually law-abiding citizens can become capable of committing awful acts.
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
- Adorno uses the example of Nazi Germany and argues that the authoritarian personality of Hitler led to the horrific war crimes committed by the Nazis.
1Theory & Methods
1.1Sociological Theories
1.2Sociological Methods
2Education with Methods in Context
2.1Role & Function of the Education System
2.2Educational Achievement
2.3Relationships & Processes Within Schools
3Option 1: Culture & Identity
3.1Conceptions of Culture
3.2Identity & Socialisation
3.3Social Identity
3.4Production, Consumption & Globalisation
4Option 1: Families & Households
4.1Families & Households
4.2Changing Patterns
4.3The Symmetrical Family
4.4Children & Childhood
5Option 1: Health
5.1Social Constructions
5.2Social Distribution of Healthcare
5.3Provision & Access to Healthcare
5.4Mental Health
6Option 1: Work, Poverty & Welfare
6.1Poverty & Wealth
7Option 2: Beliefs in Society
7.1Ideology, Science & Religion
7.2Religious Movements
7.3Society & Religion
8Option 2: Global Development
8.1Development, Underdevelopment & Global Inequality
8.2Globalisation & Global Organisations
8.3Aid, Trade, Industrialisation, Urbanisation
9Option 2: The Media
9.1Contemporary Media
9.2Media Representations
10Crime & Deviance
10.1Crime & Society
10.2Social Distribution of Crime
Jump to other topics
1Theory & Methods
1.1Sociological Theories
1.2Sociological Methods
2Education with Methods in Context
2.1Role & Function of the Education System
2.2Educational Achievement
2.3Relationships & Processes Within Schools
3Option 1: Culture & Identity
3.1Conceptions of Culture
3.2Identity & Socialisation
3.3Social Identity
3.4Production, Consumption & Globalisation
4Option 1: Families & Households
4.1Families & Households
4.2Changing Patterns
4.3The Symmetrical Family
4.4Children & Childhood
5Option 1: Health
5.1Social Constructions
5.2Social Distribution of Healthcare
5.3Provision & Access to Healthcare
5.4Mental Health
6Option 1: Work, Poverty & Welfare
6.1Poverty & Wealth
7Option 2: Beliefs in Society
7.1Ideology, Science & Religion
7.2Religious Movements
7.3Society & Religion
8Option 2: Global Development
8.1Development, Underdevelopment & Global Inequality
8.2Globalisation & Global Organisations
8.3Aid, Trade, Industrialisation, Urbanisation
9Option 2: The Media
9.1Contemporary Media
9.2Media Representations
10Crime & Deviance
10.1Crime & Society
10.2Social Distribution of Crime
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