6.3.3

Work & Life

Test yourself

The Significance of Work for People’s Lives

While capitalist society might emphasise the role of work in producing goods and services, it also plays a role in people’s wider lives. Work plays an important role in people’s lives in the following ways.

Illustrative background for Time commitment Illustrative background for Time commitment  ?? "content

Time commitment

  • Most people have little option but to work in order to make a living or to maintain a certain lifestyle; work is, therefore, non-discretionary.
  • For most people, work represents the single biggest time commitment in any week, and is an important element in occupying, directing and structuring the individual’s time.
Illustrative background for Status and identity Illustrative background for Status and identity  ?? "content

Status and identity

  • Work allows people to achieve status and identity in society, as many people are defined by their job.
  • Work provides an important source of self-esteem, contributing to a sense of identity.
  • Work is an important influence on people’s life chances, such as how much money is earned, working conditions, length of hours and so on.
Illustrative background for Social class Illustrative background for Social class  ?? "content

Social class

  • In some societies, work is the single most important factor in deciding a person’s status and social class, plus the related social class identity.
  • The extent of alienation and job satisfaction at work can influence the sense of purpose and fulfilment that people have in their lives.
Illustrative background for Lifestyle choicesIllustrative background for Lifestyle choices ?? "content

Lifestyle choices

  • Work has a major effect on the time and money people have to enjoy and spend on leisure activities and consumer goods and, therefore, impacts lifestyle choices.

The Impact of Work on Leisure

Parker suggests that work influences leisure in three ways.

Illustrative background for 1. The extension pattern Illustrative background for 1. The extension pattern  ?? "content

  1. The extension pattern

  • The extension pattern – work is seen as so interesting and demanding that there is a blurring of the distinction between work and leisure time, so they may merge into each other.
Illustrative background for 2. The neutrality patternIllustrative background for 2. The neutrality pattern ?? "content

  1. The neutrality pattern

  • The neutrality pattern – work is so boring, unfulfilling and routine that family and leisure are major life interests, rather than work.
Illustrative background for 3. The opposition patternIllustrative background for 3. The opposition pattern ?? "content

  1. The opposition pattern

  • The opposition pattern – work is so physically hard and dangerous that leisure is a central life interest and provides an opportunity to escape from the hardships of work.
Illustrative background for Criticisms of __Parker__Illustrative background for Criticisms of __Parker__ ?? "content

Criticisms of Parker

  • Parker places too much importance on experiences at work and less importance on other factors that might shape leisure patterns, such as family commitments and income.
Illustrative background for Feminist criticisms Illustrative background for Feminist criticisms  ?? "content

Feminist criticisms

  • Feminists argue that his research is focussed mainly on men in full-time paid employment and does not consider the way gender influences leisure, for example, women’s non-work time is often dominated by the demands of domestic labour.

The Declining Significance of Work in People’s Lives

Postmodernists argue that work is no longer the central axis of identity.

Illustrative background for The postmodernist argumentIllustrative background for The postmodernist argument ?? "content

The postmodernist argument

  • The consumption of goods and lifestyle choices have now become more significant than work in people’s lives and in the formation of identities.
  • The ‘end of work’ thesis suggests that work has lost its central role in people’s lives because of the following.
Illustrative background for The ‘end of work’ thesisIllustrative background for The ‘end of work’ thesis ?? "content

The ‘end of work’ thesis

  • Many jobs have become less skilled or ‘degrading’ leading to feelings of isolation with little interest or attachment to their work.
  • Work has become more insecure in what Beck describes as a ‘risk society’ with higher levels of redundancy, short-term jobs and zero hours contracts.
Illustrative background for Work and life chancesIllustrative background for Work and life chances ?? "content

Work and life chances

  • Work remains the primary way people earn money, even if it may not have the significance it once did.
  • Work remains the principal factor in determining a person's social class and, consequently, their life chances in many societies.
Illustrative background for Work and life chances cont.Illustrative background for Work and life chances cont. ?? "content

Work and life chances cont.

  • People in work generally have better physical and mental health, better diets, better housing, better educational opportunities for their children and more leisure and lifestyle choices.
  • Lack of work is a major cause of poverty and work remains the best route out of poverty.

Jump to other topics

1Theory & Methods

2Education with Methods in Context

3Option 1: Culture & Identity

4Option 1: Families & Households

5Option 1: Health

6Option 1: Work, Poverty & Welfare

7Option 2: Beliefs in Society

8Option 2: Global Development

9Option 2: The Media

10Crime & Deviance

Go student ad image

Unlock your full potential with GoStudent tutoring

  • Affordable 1:1 tutoring from the comfort of your home

  • Tutors are matched to your specific learning needs

  • 30+ school subjects covered

Book a free trial lesson