8.2.2
Transnational Corporations & International Agency
Transnational Corportations & International Agencies
Transnational Corportations & International Agencies
A wide range of organisations can contribute to development in different countries. These organisations include private businesses, charities and different agencies working collaboratively.
Transnational corporations
Transnational corporations
- Transnational corporations (TNCs) are companies that operate in several countries.
- You may see them referred to as multi-national corporations (MNCs).
- McDonalds is an example of a transnational corporation. According to www.mcdonalds.com, as of August 2020, they have over 36,000 restaurants in the world, operating in over 100 countries and territories. There are approximately 120,000 people employed by McDonalds UK and over one million worldwide.
- Other examples of TNCs are Vodafone, Pepsi-Co and Shell.
International agencies
International agencies
- International agencies are usually funded by member governments.
- Examples of international agencies include the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and the United Nations (UN).
IMF and World Bank
IMF and World Bank
- The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an agency set up to monitor the economic stability of its member countries. If needed, they provide support to help stabilise their economy.
- The World Bank has 189 member countries. They aim to reduce the poverty experienced by its poorer members by providing loans from its richer members.
Ha-Joon Chang (2007)
Ha-Joon Chang (2007)
- Ha-Joon Chang (2007) suggests that organisations like the IMF and World Bank present themselves as altruistic organisations, wanting to help poorer nations develop, when in reality they exploit these countries by providing loans which inhibit their progress.
- Additionally, the way that votes are distributed means that smaller countries have little influence in decision-making.
John Pilger (2001)
John Pilger (2001)
- John Pilger (2001) argues that the World Bank and IMF exploit poorer countries by agreeing to loans on the basis that richer countries can have access to their raw materials. These raw materials are, in the long term, the country’s best prospect for long-term security and so they become reliant on richer nations for the long-term.
1Theory & Methods
1.1Sociological Theories
1.2Sociological Methods
2Education with Methods in Context
2.1Role & Function of the Education System
2.2Educational Achievement
2.3Relationships & Processes Within Schools
3Option 1: Culture & Identity
3.1Conceptions of Culture
3.2Identity & Socialisation
3.3Social Identity
3.4Production, Consumption & Globalisation
4Option 1: Families & Households
4.1Families & Households
4.2Changing Patterns
4.3The Symmetrical Family
4.4Children & Childhood
5Option 1: Health
5.1Social Constructions
5.2Social Distribution of Healthcare
5.3Provision & Access to Healthcare
5.4Mental Health
6Option 1: Work, Poverty & Welfare
6.1Poverty & Wealth
7Option 2: Beliefs in Society
7.1Ideology, Science & Religion
7.2Religious Movements
7.3Society & Religion
8Option 2: Global Development
8.1Development, Underdevelopment & Global Inequality
8.2Globalisation & Global Organisations
8.3Aid, Trade, Industrialisation, Urbanisation
9Option 2: The Media
9.1Contemporary Media
9.2Media Representations
10Crime & Deviance
10.1Crime & Society
10.2Social Distribution of Crime
Jump to other topics
1Theory & Methods
1.1Sociological Theories
1.2Sociological Methods
2Education with Methods in Context
2.1Role & Function of the Education System
2.2Educational Achievement
2.3Relationships & Processes Within Schools
3Option 1: Culture & Identity
3.1Conceptions of Culture
3.2Identity & Socialisation
3.3Social Identity
3.4Production, Consumption & Globalisation
4Option 1: Families & Households
4.1Families & Households
4.2Changing Patterns
4.3The Symmetrical Family
4.4Children & Childhood
5Option 1: Health
5.1Social Constructions
5.2Social Distribution of Healthcare
5.3Provision & Access to Healthcare
5.4Mental Health
6Option 1: Work, Poverty & Welfare
6.1Poverty & Wealth
7Option 2: Beliefs in Society
7.1Ideology, Science & Religion
7.2Religious Movements
7.3Society & Religion
8Option 2: Global Development
8.1Development, Underdevelopment & Global Inequality
8.2Globalisation & Global Organisations
8.3Aid, Trade, Industrialisation, Urbanisation
9Option 2: The Media
9.1Contemporary Media
9.2Media Representations
10Crime & Deviance
10.1Crime & Society
10.2Social Distribution of Crime
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