1.3.2
Experiments
Experiments
Experiments
Experiments are the primary means of conducting research in the natural sciences.
Experiments
Experiments
- Experiments are used to test a hypothesis (a testable statement/an educated assertion that we do not know is true).
- Experiments are seldom used in sociology by either positivists or interpretivists.
Types of experiments
Types of experiments
- Laboratory experiments control variables and, as such, are usually conducted in artificial environments.
- Field experiments are conducted in real-world settings, but variables remain tightly controlled.
Strengths of experiments
Strengths of experiments
- The hypothesis can be tested in a controlled environment.
- It is easy to isolate and manipulate variables to identify the causes of events (except in field experiments).
- High reliability.
Strengths cont.
Strengths cont.
- Experiments allow for comparisons to be made with other experimental research.
- The researcher is seen as a detached, objective observer which is considered to be more scientific.
Field experiments
Field experiments
- Field experiments are conducted in real-world environments and are therefore considered to be high in validity.
- Field experiments are seen by interpretivists as producing more valid information.
Experiments & the Comparative Method
Experiments & the Comparative Method
The experimental method has several weaknesses, making it inappropriate for some research projects. The Comparative method can be an option in these cases.
Weaknesses of experiments
Weaknesses of experiments
- It’s difficult to isolate a single cause of a social issue.
- There are ethical problems, in that the researcher needs to treat one group of participants differently to another, raising the possibility of negative consequences on one group.
Weaknesses cont.
Weaknesses cont.
- Experiments often involve deception, where the researcher isn’t honest with the participants about certain aspects of the experiment, this makes it difficult to obtain informed consent.
- Experiments are often only practical in small-scale settings, which may be unrepresentative.
Weaknesses part 3
Weaknesses part 3
- Conditions are often artificial so they cannot always be applied to real-world settings.
- The risk of the Hawthorne effect can undermine validity.
- In field experiments, researchers can’t control all variables, making it difficult to establish cause and effect.
The comparative method
The comparative method
- The comparative method retains the main principles of the experiment but collects data on different societies or social groups and then compares them with another society or group.
1Theory & Methods
1.1Sociological Theories
1.2Sociological Methods
2Education with Methods in Context
2.1Role & Function of the Education System
2.2Educational Achievement
2.3Relationships & Processes Within Schools
3Option 1: Culture & Identity
3.1Conceptions of Culture
3.2Identity & Socialisation
3.3Social Identity
3.4Production, Consumption & Globalisation
4Option 1: Families & Households
4.1Families & Households
4.2Changing Patterns
4.3The Symmetrical Family
4.4Children & Childhood
5Option 1: Health
5.1Social Constructions
5.2Social Distribution of Healthcare
5.3Provision & Access to Healthcare
5.4Mental Health
6Option 1: Work, Poverty & Welfare
6.1Poverty & Wealth
7Option 2: Beliefs in Society
7.1Ideology, Science & Religion
7.2Religious Movements
7.3Society & Religion
8Option 2: Global Development
8.1Development, Underdevelopment & Global Inequality
8.2Globalisation & Global Organisations
8.3Aid, Trade, Industrialisation, Urbanisation
9Option 2: The Media
9.1Contemporary Media
9.2Media Representations
10Crime & Deviance
10.1Crime & Society
10.2Social Distribution of Crime
Jump to other topics
1Theory & Methods
1.1Sociological Theories
1.2Sociological Methods
2Education with Methods in Context
2.1Role & Function of the Education System
2.2Educational Achievement
2.3Relationships & Processes Within Schools
3Option 1: Culture & Identity
3.1Conceptions of Culture
3.2Identity & Socialisation
3.3Social Identity
3.4Production, Consumption & Globalisation
4Option 1: Families & Households
4.1Families & Households
4.2Changing Patterns
4.3The Symmetrical Family
4.4Children & Childhood
5Option 1: Health
5.1Social Constructions
5.2Social Distribution of Healthcare
5.3Provision & Access to Healthcare
5.4Mental Health
6Option 1: Work, Poverty & Welfare
6.1Poverty & Wealth
7Option 2: Beliefs in Society
7.1Ideology, Science & Religion
7.2Religious Movements
7.3Society & Religion
8Option 2: Global Development
8.1Development, Underdevelopment & Global Inequality
8.2Globalisation & Global Organisations
8.3Aid, Trade, Industrialisation, Urbanisation
9Option 2: The Media
9.1Contemporary Media
9.2Media Representations
10Crime & Deviance
10.1Crime & Society
10.2Social Distribution of Crime
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