The Anarchy: A Civil War for the Crown
History: KS3, topic 1.8.2
The Anarchy: A Civil War for the Crown
The Anarchy (1135-1153 AD) was a civil war over the English throne between Matilda and Stephen.
Henry I's heir
- Henry I’s only legitimate son was William Adelin.
- William Adelin died in the White Ship disaster of 1120 AD.
- After the death of Henry I’ son, his daughter, Matilda, was left as Henry I heir.
- An heir is a person legally entitled to inherit a position, title, or property.
The Anarchy
- When Henry I died, his nephew, Stephen of Blois, claimed the throne.
- Stephen of Blois's claim to the throne led to a period of civil war known as the Anarchy.
- Matilda and Stephen’s struggle for the crown lasted from 1135 to 1153 AD.
- Both sides had supporters, and the country was torn apart by battles and plots.
Support of the barons
- Both Matilda and Stephen sought the support of powerful barons.
- Barons switched sides based on their interests and opportunities.
- Barons switching sides led to shifting alliances and battles.
Matilda's escape in 1142 AD
- One notable event was Matilda’s dramatic escape from Oxford Castle in 1142 AD.
- Matilda fled across the frozen River Thames dressed in white to avoid capture by Stephen’s forces.
Treaty of Winchester
- The Anarchy civil war concluded with the Treaty of Winchester.
- The Treaty of Winchester happened in 1153 AD.
- During the Treaty of Winchester Stephen agreed that Matilda’s son Henry would be the heir to the throne.
- Matilda had to accept Stephen as King.
Test yourself on The Anarchy: A Civil War for the Crown
How long did the civil war known as the Anarchy last?
What agreement ended the Anarchy in 1153 AD?