The History of Medieval England and France 1
History: KS3, topic 1.11.6
The History of Medieval England and France
Discover the intent and often tumultuous relationship between medieval England and France.
Introduction
- In medieval times, the relationship between England and France was marked by rivalry and warfare.
- Their conflicts, particularly the famous Hundred Years’ War, greatly influenced the history and development of both nations.
Early Conflicts & Norman Influence
- In 1066, William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (a region in France), invaded England and became its king.
- After the conquest, English kings also held lands in France, leading to conflicts over these territories.
- The fact that English kings were also vassals to the French king for their French lands created a lot of tension and frequent clashes.
The Plantagenet Empire
- Henry II, who became King of England in 1154, married Eleanor of Aquitaine, one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in Europe.
- This marriage added vast French lands to Henry’s control, creating a large empire that spanned both England and parts of France.
- This empire often clashed with the French crown as both sides sought to expand their territories.
The Hundred Years’ War
- The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) began when Edward III of England claimed the French throne, challenging the rule of the Valois dynasty.
- Edward’s claim was based on his mother, Isabella of France, but the French rejected it, choosing Philip VI as their king instead.
- The early phase of the war saw significant English successes.
The Battle of Crecy
- The Battle of Crecy in 1346 was famous for English longbowmen decimating the French knights, showcasing the effectiveness of the English invention of the longbow.
- The Siege of Calais in 1347 saw a lengthy siege with the English eventually capturing the important area of Calais, which remained under English control for over 200 years.
Edward, the Black Prince
- Edward, the Black Prince, led the English to another major victory, capturing the French King John II at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356.
- During the 1340s, both England and France were devastated by the Black Death.
- This slowed the war as both countries dealt with massive population losses.
Test yourself on The History of Medieval England and France 1
During which event did the Black Prince capture the French King John II?