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Chemical Elements

Biology: Cambridge International GCSE Supplement, topic 4.1.1

Chemical Elements

All molecules are made up of chemical elements. These are some of the most important molecules in living organisms, and the elements that they are made of.

Proteins

Proteins

  • Proteins are made up of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S).
  • Not all proteins contain sulfur.
  • Proteins are vital for gorwth and repair.
  • All enzymes are proteins.
  • Enzymes are essential for catalysing chemical reactions in living organisms.
Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

  • Carbohydrates are made of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O).
  • They can be useful for structural support, and also as a source of energy.
Fats

Fats

  • Fats are made up of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O).
  • These are fats and oils. They make up cell membranes, and are also an important source of stored energy.

Test yourself on Chemical Elements

  • Which chemical element is not found in fats?

  • Which chemical elements are found in carbohydrates, fats and proteins?

Practise this topic for free