Plant Adaptations
Biology: Cambridge International GCSE Supplement, topic 18.2.2
Plant Adpatations
Hydrophytes are plants that are adapted to grow in or around water only (e.g. the waterlily). Xerophytes, on the other hand, are plants that are adapted to grow in very dry environments (e.g. cacti).
Hydrophytes
- Hydrophytes have adaptations that increase the rate of gas exchange:
- Submerged leaves that have a large surface area for absorption and photosynthesis.
- Stomata located on the upper surface of the leaves.
- Thick waxy cuticle on the upper surface, which prevents water from entering the stomata.
- Root hairs are reduced because water absorption is not a problem.
Xerophytes
- Xerophytes have adaptations that reduce water loss by transpiration:
- Reduced leaf size to reduce surface area where water could be lost.
- Thick waxy cuticle to prevent water loss.
- Stomata may be sunk in pits on the surface, trapping moist air and increasing humidity.
Test yourself on Plant Adaptations
What type of environment are xerophytes adapted for?