Endocrine Glands
Biology: Cambridge International GCSE Supplement, topic 14.3.2
Endocrine Glands
The endocrine system coordinates the body’s response to changes in the environment using chemical messengers (hormones). Endocrine glands are groups of cells that produce hormones and secrete them into the bloodstream, where they travel to target organs. There are lots of different endocrine glands:
Adrenal glands
- They produce adrenaline, which triggers the ‘fight or flight’ response when an organism is presented with a dangerous situation.
- Increases breathing and pulse rate to provide nutrients to respiring cells more quickly.
- Widens pupils to take in more visual information.
Pancreas
- The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, both of which are involved in regulating blood glucose levels.
- Insulin acts to decrease blood glucose levels.
- Glucagon acts to increase blood glucose levels.
Ovaries (female only)
- The ovaries produce oestrogen, which controls puberty and is one of the main hormones in the regulation of the menstrual cycle.
Testes (male only)
- The testes produce testosterone, which controls puberty and sperm production.
Test yourself on Endocrine Glands
How is the endocrine system different from the central nervous system?
Why is the pituitary gland often called the "master gland"