1.1.21

The Prophet Muhammad

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The Prophet Muhammad

Muhammad is the final prophet in Islam. Allah revealed to him the verses of the Qur'an, the holy book for Muslims.

The Angel Jibril

The Angel Jibril

  • On Mount Hira in the year 610CE, Muhammad had an experience that completely changed his life.
    • Muhammad would spend a lot of time praying and meditating in a cave.
  • The Angel Jibril (Gabriel) appears to Muhammad and proclaimed, “Iqra!” meaning, “Read!”.
    • The Prophet Muhammad told the angel that he was not a reader.
    • This continued three times. At this point, Jibril starts to teach Muhammad lessons from Allah.
Revelation of The Qur'an

Revelation of The Qur'an

  • In Islamic tradition, Allah does not speak directly to holy prophets.
    • The message is communicated via an angel.
  • For the next 20 years, Jibril continues to teach Muhammad.
    • These revelations were combined together and became the Qur’an.
    • The Qur'an is the holiest and most important book for Muslims.
    • The Qur'an is considered by Muslims to be "The Word of Allah (God)".
    • Some Muslims call it the Final Testament (message).
Collecting the Qur'an

Collecting the Qur'an

  • The prophet did not know how to read nor write.
    • After prophet Muhammad died, Ali ibn abi Talib had collected the Qur'an and wrote it down as a book.
  • There are 30 parts in the Qur'an, which make 114 "suras" (chapters). Each sura has a different number of verses. The first chapter is used daily during prayer.
    • The Qur'an has been written and read only in Arabic for more than 1,400 years. The Qur'an is used with the hadith to interpret sharia law/religious law.
    • During the holy month of Ramadan, many Muslims will read the Qur’an, some even try to learn all the text by heart.
Opposition to Muhammad

Opposition to Muhammad

  • When Muhammad first started teaching the lessons he learned to others, he faced opposition.
    • The rich & powerful tribal leaders did not want to hear about charity and compassion for the weaker members of society.
    • They also did not want the restrictions he preached. Such as no alcohol or to stop their belief in lots of gods and idols.
  • Eventually, Islam has grown into a distinct and powerful world religion. With over 1 billion followers today throughout the world.
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1

Year 7

1.1

Origins of Abrahamic Faith

1.1.1Genesis1.1.2Noah & the Flood1.1.3The Importance of Noah1.1.4Abraham1.1.5The Covenant1.1.6Abraham's Sacrifice1.1.7Ibrahim's Sacrifice1.1.8Ibrahim & Hajar1.1.9Ibrahim & the Ka'aba1.1.10Isaac & Jacob1.1.11Moses & the Exodus1.1.12The Tabernacle1.1.13Leviticus & Sacrifice1.1.14Teachings in Leviticus1.1.15Jesus' Teachings1.1.16Jesus the Rebel1.1.17Jesus' Death & Resurrection1.1.18The Meaning of Jesus' Sacrifice1.1.19The Relationship Between Judaism & Christianity1.1.20The Ka'aba1.1.21The Prophet Muhammad
1.2

Judaism

1.2.1The Nature of God1.2.2Creation1.2.3What Do Jews Believe?1.2.4Moses1.2.5Abraham & Moses1.2.6Tenakh & Talmud1.2.7Rabbis & Rabbinic Literature1.2.8The Jewish Scriptures - The Written Law1.2.9The Jewish Scriptures - The Oral Law1.2.10The Tradition of Discussion & Debate1.2.11Orthodox Judaism1.2.12Reform Judaism1.2.13The Daily Practices of Orthodox & Reform Jews1.2.14Morality & Living a Good Life1.2.15Ethical Duties of Jews1.2.16Prayer & Acts of Worship1.2.17Written & Oral Jewish Law1.2.18Afterlife1.2.19The First Temple1.2.20The Tabernacle's Journey & End1.2.21Orthodox & Reform Synagogues1.2.22The Daily Service1.2.23What is Shabbat?1.2.24Traditional Rituals for Shabbat1.2.25What is Pesach?1.2.26What is Yom Kippur?1.2.27How Have Jews Been Persecuted?1.2.28The Persecution of the Jews Throughout History1.2.29The Black Death1.2.30Antisemitism in Nazi Germany1.2.31Antisemitism in Nazi Germany 21.2.32The Holocaust1.2.33Genocide1.2.34How the Holocaust has Impacted the Jewish Identity1.2.35Holocaust Memorial1.2.36Global Diversity of Jews1.2.37Jewish Practices1.2.38Jewish Celebrations & Rituals
1.3

Christianity

1.3.1The Nature of God1.3.2Creation1.3.3Roots in Judaism1.3.4Early Spread of the Faith1.3.5Roman Persecution1.3.6Morality & Living a Good Life1.3.7Afterlife1.3.8Prayer and Acts of Worship1.3.9Kinds of Prayer1.3.10The Nativity1.3.11Christian Beliefs about the Baby Jesus1.3.12Jesus' Ministry1.3.13The Sermon on the Mount1.3.14The Crucifixion1.3.15The Last Supper1.3.16The Resurrection1.3.17Christian Beliefs about the Resurrection1.3.18The Council of Nicaea1.3.19The Nicene Creed1.3.20Saint Augustine1.3.21Development of the Christian Church1.3.22Written Authority - The Bible1.3.23Interpretation of the Bible1.3.24Celebrations1.3.25Pilgrimage1.3.26Evangelism1.3.27Protestantism1.3.28The Reformation1.3.29Christianity Today1.3.30Faith Across the World1.3.31Evangelical Churches1.3.32The Future of Christianity
1.4

Disciplinary Knowledge

1.4.1Scripture and Religious Authority1.4.2Interpreting Data1.4.3Forms of Expression1.4.4Shaping and Being Shaped by Wider Society
2

Year 8

2.1

Islam

2.1.1Pre-Islamic Arabia2.1.2The Prophet Muhammad & The Qur'an2.1.3The Hijrah & The Conquest of Mecca2.1.4The Prophet Muhammad: The Final Sermon2.1.5The Sunni/Shia Split2.1.6Islamic Caliphates2.1.7The Five Pillars of Islam2.1.8Origins of Hajj2.1.9Hajj Rituals2.1.10Jihad2.1.11Islam Today
2.2

Hindu Dharma (Hinduism)

2.2.1The Origins of Hindu Dharma2.2.2The Vedic Traditions2.2.3The Term 'Hinduism'2.2.4Revelation & Tradition2.2.5The Vedas2.2.6The Bhagavad Gita2.2.7Brahman2.2.8Atman2.2.9Understanding the Self2.2.10Hindu Deities2.2.11The Nature of the Trimurti2.2.12Cyclical Nature2.2.13Karma2.2.14Santana Dharma & Varnashrama Dharma2.2.15Varna & Castes2.2.16Ahimsa2.2.17Mandir & Puja2.2.18Ramayana & Diwali2.2.19Namakarana & Birth Rituals2.2.20Hindu Funerals2.2.21Hindu Communities Across the World2.2.22Yoga2.2.23Alexander the Great & The Mauryan Empire2.2.24British Colonialism & Gandhi
2.3

Buddhism

2.3.1Roots in Hindu Dharma2.3.2Siddhartha Gautama2.3.3Siddhartha's Four Sights2.3.4Asceticism, Enlightenment & The Middle Way2.3.5Buddha's Authority & Personal Experience2.3.6Core Belief2.3.7The Three Marks of Existence2.3.8Cyclical Time2.3.9The Four Noble Truths - Dukkha and Samudaya2.3.10The Four Noble Truths - Nirhoda and Magga2.3.11The Buddha’s Noble Eightfold Path to Enlightenment2.3.12Karma, Samsara & Nirvana2.3.13The Three Jewels2.3.14The Five Precepts2.3.15Meditation2.3.16Theravada & Mahayana Buddhisms2.3.17Puja2.3.18Buddhism in the UK and Across the World
2.4

Sikhi

2.4.1Origins of Sikhi2.4.2The Ten Sikh Gurus2.4.3The Guru Granth Sahib2.4.4Waheguru2.4.5The Sikh Concept of God2.4.6Creation of the Universe2.4.7The Khalsa2.4.8Sewa2.4.9Samsara & Mukti2.4.10The Gurdwara & the Langar2.4.11Different Interpretations2.4.12Sikhi Across the World
2.5

Atheism

2.5.1Where Did Atheism Come From?2.5.2The Impact of Scientific Developments2.5.3Plato's Cave2.5.4Challenging the Bible2.5.5The Enlightenment2.5.6Evolution2.5.7Evolution & Religion2.5.8Morality & God2.5.9Morality Without God2.5.10Frederick Nietzsche - How to Live Without Religion2.5.11Militant Atheism2.5.12Humanism2.5.13The Future of Atheism
2.6

Philosophy of Religion

2.6.1Who is God?2.6.2Theists, Atheists & Agnostics2.6.3Faith & Empiricism2.6.4The Design Argument2.6.5Is The Design Argument Convincing?2.6.6The Cosmological Argument2.6.7Criticisms of The Cosmological Argument2.6.8The Problem of Evil2.6.9Free Will Theodicy2.6.10Soul-Making Theodicy2.6.11Religious Experience2.6.12Types of Religious Experience2.6.13Criticisms of Religious Experience
2.7

Disciplinary Knowledge

2.7.1Theology2.7.2Social Sciences2.7.3Changing Roles of Men & Women2.7.4Divorce & Remarriage in the Church of England
3

Year 9

3.1

Life & Death

3.1.1What is the Right Thing To Do?3.1.2Thomas Aquinas - Natural Law3.1.3Building a Moral Code3.1.4Criticisms of Natural Law3.1.5Joseph Fletcher - Situation Ethics3.1.6Understanding Situation Ethics3.1.7Criticisms of Situation Ethics3.1.8Sanctity of Life3.1.9Quality of Life3.1.10Abortion3.1.11Moral Questions About Abortion3.1.12Euthanasia3.1.13Moral Questions About Euthanasia3.1.14Capital Punishment3.1.15Arguments Against Captial Punishment3.1.16Animal Rights3.1.17Alternative Views on Animal Rights
3.2

Extremism

3.2.1What Does Extremism Mean?3.2.2Extremism Explained3.2.3Why do People Become Extremists?3.2.4Why do People Become Extremists? 23.2.5What are Conspiracy Theories?3.2.6Why do People Believe Conspiracy Theories?3.2.7What is Anti-Semitism?3.2.8Anti-Semitic Stereotyping3.2.9The Holocaust3.2.10After the Holocaust3.2.11Religious Fundamentalism3.2.12The Problem of Fundamentalism3.2.13Nationalism3.2.14Nationalism & Extremism3.2.15What is a Terrorist?3.2.16Political & Religious Terrorism3.2.17Free Speech & Hate Speech3.2.18Hate Speech3.2.19How do we Fight Extremism?3.2.20How do we Fight Extremism? 2
3.3

Equality

3.3.1Introduction to Equality3.3.2Is the UK an Equal Society?3.3.3Religion & Equality3.3.4Interpreting the Scripture3.3.5Racism & Scripture3.3.6Scripture Against Racism3.3.7The Fight for Racial Equality3.3.8Gender Equality & Scripture3.3.9Gender Equality; Women in Worship3.3.10LGBTQ+ Matters3.3.11The Fight for LGBTQ+ Equality3.3.12Disability Matters3.3.13The Fight for Disability Equality
4

Additional Concepts

4.1

Non-Religious People in the UK

4.1.1Statistics & Reasons4.1.2Main Tenets on Non-Religious People4.1.3Allegations Against Religious People
4.2

Believing in God Oustide of Religion

4.2.1Non-Religious Believers & New Age4.2.2Stay-At-Home Christians4.2.3Agnosticism

Practice questions on The Prophet Muhammad

Can you answer these? Test yourself with free interactive practice on Seneca — used by over 10 million students.

  1. 1
    Who collected the verses of the Qur'an and wrote them down as a book?Multiple choice
  2. 2
    Which angel appeared to Muhammad and taught him lessons from Allah?Multiple choice
  3. 3
    How did Muhammad initially react when Angel Jibril asked him to read?Multiple choice
  4. 4
    What language is the Qur'an written and read in?Multiple choice
  5. 5
    How did the rich and powerful tribal leaders react to Muhammad's teachings?Multiple choice
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The Ka'aba

The Nature of God