2.3.1

Golgi, Lysosomes & Ribosomes

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The Golgi Apparatus and Golgi Vesicles

The Golgi apparatus releases Golgi vesicles. Lysosomes are a special type of Golgi vesicle.

Structure of Golgi apparatus

Structure of Golgi apparatus

  • The Golgi apparatus is a series of flattened membranous sacs.
Function of Golgi apparatus

Function of Golgi apparatus

  • Transport vesicles form at the endoplasmic reticulum and fuse with the Golgi apparatus.
  • The transport vesicles empty proteins and lipids into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus.
  • As the proteins and lipids travel through the Golgi, they are sorted, packaged and tagged so that they can be sent to the right place.
Structure of Golgi vesicles

Structure of Golgi vesicles

  • Golgi vesicles are membrane-bound, fluid-filled vesicles located in the cytoplasm.
  • They are small, round and are seen in a high density near the edges of the sacs.
  • Lysosomes are a type of Golgi vesicle.
Function of Golgi vesicles

Function of Golgi vesicles

  • Golgi vesicles store and transport modified proteins and lipids from the Golgi apparatus to target cells.
  • Lysosomes are a special type of Golgi vesicle. They contain enzymes called lysozymes.
    • Lysozymes aid the breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids and old organelles.

Ribosomes and the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Proteins are made in ribosomes. Proteins may then be folded and processed by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The smooth endoplasmic reticulum makes and processes lipids.

Structure of ribosomes

Structure of ribosomes

  • Ribosomes can be free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
  • Ribosomes are very small organelles made of protein subunits. This means that ribosomes are not covered by a membrane.
Function of ribosomes

Function of ribosomes

  • Ribosomes are in charge of protein synthesis.
  • Protein synthesis is an essential function of all cells. This is why ribosomes are found in practically every cell.
Structure of the ER

Structure of the ER

  • The ER is a series of interconnected membranous sacs and tubules.
  • The membrane of the ER is a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins.
  • The smooth ER (SER) membrane has no ribosomes but the rough ER (RER) membrane has many ribosomes on its surface.
Function of the RER and SER

Function of the RER and SER

  • The RER is responsible for processing and folding proteins.
  • The SER is responsible for making and processing lipids.
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Unity & Diversity - Ecosystems

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Form & Function - Molecules

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Practice questions on Golgi, Lysosomes & Ribosomes

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  1. 1
    The Functioning of the Golgi Apparatus Put in order
  2. 2
    Where do transport vesicles form? Multiple choice
  3. 3
    What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?Multiple choice
  4. 4
    Which of the following statements regarding Golgi vesicles are correct?True / false
  5. 5
    Which of the following statements regarding ribosomes is true?True / false
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Stem Cells in Disease

Cell Walls & Vacuole