3.6.1
Fractions
Crude Oil
Crude Oil
Crude oil is a non-renewable (finite) resource.


Fossilised plankton
Fossilised plankton
- Crude oil is made from the fossilised remnants of ancient plankton.


Found in rocks
Found in rocks
- Crude oil is found in rocks and is used to produce fuels and other important chemicals.


Mixture of compounds
Mixture of compounds
- Crude oil is a mixture of lots of different compounds that are not chemically combined.
- Most of the compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons.


Most compounds are hydrocarbons
Most compounds are hydrocarbons
- Hydrocarbons are molecules made up of only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
- Hydrocarbons differ in their size, which can change the properties of the hydrocarbon.
Uses of Different Fractions of Crude oil
Uses of Different Fractions of Crude oil
Fractional distillation separates crude oil into simpler, more useful mixtures. Here are the different fractions and their uses.
Properties of Hydrocarbons
Properties of Hydrocarbons
A hydrocarbon's size affects its properties. A hydrocarbon's properties can affect how useful it is as a fuel.


Boiling point
Boiling point
- Hydrocarbons with longer chains have higher boiling points.


Viscosity
Viscosity
- Hydrocarbons with longer chains have higher viscosity (i.e. they are thicker and flow less easily).


Flammability
Flammability
- Hydrocarbons with longer chains are less flammable.


Toxicity
Toxicity
- Hydrocarbons are toxic to ingest and inhale, causing serious injury or death.
1Principles of Science I
1.1Structure & Bonding
1.1.1Atomic Model
1.1.2Electron Shells, Sub-Shells & Orbitals
1.1.3Ionic Bonding
1.1.4Representing Ionic Bonds
1.1.5Covalent Bonding
1.1.6Representing Covalent Bonds
1.1.7Metallic Bonding
1.1.8Intermolecular Forces
1.1.9Intermolecular Forces 2
1.1.10End of Topic Test - Bonding
1.1.11Relative Masses
1.1.12The Mole
1.1.13Molar Calculations
1.1.14Molar Calculations 2
1.1.15Empirical & Molecular Formulae
1.1.16Balanced Equations
1.1.17Percentage Yield
1.1.18End of Topic Test - Amount of Substance
1.2Properties of Substances
1.2.1The Periodic Table
1.2.2Ionisation Energy
1.2.3Factors Affecting Ionisation Energies
1.2.4Trends of Ionisation
1.2.5Trends in the Periodic Table
1.2.6Polarity
1.2.7Metals & Non-Metals
1.2.8Alkali Metals
1.2.9Alkaline Earth Metals
1.2.10Reactivity of Alkaline Earth Metals
1.2.11Redox
1.2.12Transition Metals
1.2.13Redox Reactions of Transition Metals
1.3Cell Structure & Function
1.4Cell Specialisation
1.5Tissue Structure & Function
1.5.1Human Gas Exchange
1.5.2Blood Vessels
1.5.3Atherosclerosis
1.5.4Skeletal Muscle
1.5.5Slow & Fast Twitch Fibres
1.5.6Neurones
1.5.7Speed of Transmission
1.5.8Action Potentials
1.5.9End of Topic Test - Neurones & Action Potentials
1.5.10Synapses
1.5.11Types of Synapse
1.5.12Medical Application
1.5.13End of Topic Test - Synapses
1.5.14Chemical Brain Imbalances
1.5.15Effect of Drugs on the Brain
1.6Working with Waves
1.7Waves in Communication
2Practical Scientific Procedures and Techniques
3Science Investigation Skills
3.1Scientific Processes
3.2Data Handling & Analysis
3.3Enzymes in Action
3.4Diffusion
3.5Plants & Their Environment
3.6Energy Content in Fuels
4Principles of Science II
4.1Extracting Elements
4.2Relating Properties to use of Substances
4.3Organic Chemistry
4.4Energy Changes in Industry
4.5The Circulatory System
4.5.1The Circulatory System
4.5.2Blood Vessels
4.5.3Blood Transfusion & the ABO Rhesus System
4.5.4The Heart
4.5.5The Cardiac Cycle
4.5.6Cardiac Output
4.5.7Coordination of Heart Action
4.5.8Heart Dissection
4.5.9Controlling Heart Rate
4.5.10Electrocardiograms
4.5.11Cardiovascular Disease
4.5.12Investigating Heart Rates
4.6Ventilation & Gas Exchange
4.7Urinary System
4.9Thermal Physics
4.9.1Power & Efficiency
4.9.2Work & Energy
4.9.3Conservation of Energy
4.9.4Pressure
4.9.5First Law of Thermodynamics
4.9.6Second Law of Thermodynamics
4.9.7Heat Engines, Heat Pumps & Refrigerators
4.9.8Non-Flow Processes
4.9.9p-V Diagrams
4.9.10Ideal Gases
4.9.11Ideal Gases 2
4.9.12Thermal Energy Transfer
4.9.13Thermal Energy Transfer Experiments
4.10Materials
5Contemporary Issues in Science
5.1Contemporary Issues in Science
5.2Analysing Scientific Information
Jump to other topics
1Principles of Science I
1.1Structure & Bonding
1.1.1Atomic Model
1.1.2Electron Shells, Sub-Shells & Orbitals
1.1.3Ionic Bonding
1.1.4Representing Ionic Bonds
1.1.5Covalent Bonding
1.1.6Representing Covalent Bonds
1.1.7Metallic Bonding
1.1.8Intermolecular Forces
1.1.9Intermolecular Forces 2
1.1.10End of Topic Test - Bonding
1.1.11Relative Masses
1.1.12The Mole
1.1.13Molar Calculations
1.1.14Molar Calculations 2
1.1.15Empirical & Molecular Formulae
1.1.16Balanced Equations
1.1.17Percentage Yield
1.1.18End of Topic Test - Amount of Substance
1.2Properties of Substances
1.2.1The Periodic Table
1.2.2Ionisation Energy
1.2.3Factors Affecting Ionisation Energies
1.2.4Trends of Ionisation
1.2.5Trends in the Periodic Table
1.2.6Polarity
1.2.7Metals & Non-Metals
1.2.8Alkali Metals
1.2.9Alkaline Earth Metals
1.2.10Reactivity of Alkaline Earth Metals
1.2.11Redox
1.2.12Transition Metals
1.2.13Redox Reactions of Transition Metals
1.3Cell Structure & Function
1.4Cell Specialisation
1.5Tissue Structure & Function
1.5.1Human Gas Exchange
1.5.2Blood Vessels
1.5.3Atherosclerosis
1.5.4Skeletal Muscle
1.5.5Slow & Fast Twitch Fibres
1.5.6Neurones
1.5.7Speed of Transmission
1.5.8Action Potentials
1.5.9End of Topic Test - Neurones & Action Potentials
1.5.10Synapses
1.5.11Types of Synapse
1.5.12Medical Application
1.5.13End of Topic Test - Synapses
1.5.14Chemical Brain Imbalances
1.5.15Effect of Drugs on the Brain
1.6Working with Waves
1.7Waves in Communication
2Practical Scientific Procedures and Techniques
3Science Investigation Skills
3.1Scientific Processes
3.2Data Handling & Analysis
3.3Enzymes in Action
3.4Diffusion
3.5Plants & Their Environment
3.6Energy Content in Fuels
4Principles of Science II
4.1Extracting Elements
4.2Relating Properties to use of Substances
4.3Organic Chemistry
4.4Energy Changes in Industry
4.5The Circulatory System
4.5.1The Circulatory System
4.5.2Blood Vessels
4.5.3Blood Transfusion & the ABO Rhesus System
4.5.4The Heart
4.5.5The Cardiac Cycle
4.5.6Cardiac Output
4.5.7Coordination of Heart Action
4.5.8Heart Dissection
4.5.9Controlling Heart Rate
4.5.10Electrocardiograms
4.5.11Cardiovascular Disease
4.5.12Investigating Heart Rates
4.6Ventilation & Gas Exchange
4.7Urinary System
4.9Thermal Physics
4.9.1Power & Efficiency
4.9.2Work & Energy
4.9.3Conservation of Energy
4.9.4Pressure
4.9.5First Law of Thermodynamics
4.9.6Second Law of Thermodynamics
4.9.7Heat Engines, Heat Pumps & Refrigerators
4.9.8Non-Flow Processes
4.9.9p-V Diagrams
4.9.10Ideal Gases
4.9.11Ideal Gases 2
4.9.12Thermal Energy Transfer
4.9.13Thermal Energy Transfer Experiments
4.10Materials
5Contemporary Issues in Science
5.1Contemporary Issues in Science
5.2Analysing Scientific Information
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