Managing Impacts of Tectonic Hazards - Planning

Geography: Cambridge International GCSE (2027 Exams), topic 4.4.2

Managing the Impact of Tectonic Hazards

Protection and planning are two more ways to manage the potential impact of tectonic hazards.

Protection is usually better for reducing the impact of tectonic hazards in high-income countries.
High-income countries often invest in earthquake-proof buildings. Using cross-bracing, automatic window shutters, fire-resistant materials, and shock absorbers can help reduce damage.
E.g. the Taipei 101 building has a huge mass damper that reduces the strain on the building.
Automatic switches can turn off electricity and gas pipes to help reduce the chance of fires.
Earthquake drills can help to reduce the damage done.
E.g. Japan has an earthquake day on the 1^st September.

Low-income countries often use cheaper ways to protect buildings.
Lighter roof materials (sheet metal instead of concrete) and bamboo rods in walls (instead of steel) can help to hold walls together and reduce the damage caused if they collapse.

High-income countries often have warning systems and evacuation plans in place.
Japan had a brand new tsunami/earthquake warning system in place for the 2011 earthquake. The Japanese authorities have a system where they take control of all media and give people instructions to evacuate.
Paramedics, police, and firefighters all receive training for dealing with earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
Governments can stockpile supplies like tents, food, and water.
Teaching people about evacuation plans can also help in a disaster. New Zealand has a 'Turtle Safe' drill to teach preschool children.

Which of the following are measures taken by high income countries to protect against tectonic hazards?