Variations in Energy Use
Geography: Cambridge International GCSE (2027 Exams), topic 10.5.3
Global Patterns of Energy Supply and Demand
Variations in energy types within and between countries are shaped by development, resources, technology, and economic factors.
Energy variation
- Energy supply and demand change between low-income countries (LICs) and high-income countries (HICs).
- Types of energy depend on cost, local resources, and technology.
- Geography shapes energy choices, like coastlines enabling wind and tidal power.
- Transport routes and political conditions also affect energy access.
Energy supply in HICs
- HICs use a mix of oil, gas, nuclear, and renewables.
- Advanced technology supports energy extraction and storage.
- Skilled workers and strong infrastructure improve supply reliability.
- High demand comes from industry, homes, and transport systems.
Energy supply in LICs
- LICs often rely on traditional energy sources like wood and charcoal.
- Weak infrastructure limits access to electricity in rural areas.
- Energy development may be held back by a shortage of skilled workers.
- Renewables like solar and hydro are available but underused.
- Political instability and lack of investment affect energy supply.
Variations within countries
- Wealthier regions within a country have higher energy demand.
- Transport routes and local geography shape energy distribution:
- Coastal areas can produce wind and tidal energy.
- Mountain regions may use hydropower from rivers.
Variations according to areas
- Urban areas need more energy for homes, transport, and industry.
- Urban areas may rely on nuclear power.
- Industrial areas use more fossil fuels.
- Rural areas often use biomass.
Test yourself on Variations in Energy Use
What limits electricity access in rural areas of developing countries?
What supports energy extraction and storage in high-income countries?