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IGCSE
Geography
Cambridge International
Mathematical Skills: Deforestation

Mathematical Skills: Deforestation

Geography: Cambridge International GCSE (2027 Exams), topic 3.4.3

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Previous topic3.4.2 Evaluation of Strategies Next topic3.4.4 Rainforest Case Study

Geography: Cambridge International GCSE (2027 Exams) contents

1 Paper 1 - Changing River Environnments
- 1.1 Characteristics of Rivers
  1.1.1 The Long Profile
  1.1.2 Characteristics of Rivers
- 1.2 River Landforms
  1.2.1 Waterfalls & Gorges
  1.2.2 Meanders
  1.2.3 Oxbow Lakes
  1.2.4 Levees
  1.2.5 Floodplains
  1.2.6 Deltas
  1.2.7 Interlocking Spurs
- 1.3 Rivers: Opportunities & Hazards
  1.3.1 River Pollution
  1.3.2 River Pollution in the River Thames
- 1.4 The Bradshaw Model
  1.4.1 The Bradshaw Model
- 1.5 The Drainage Basin & the Water Cycle
  1.5.1 The Drainage Basin & the Water Cycle
- 1.6 Processes Operating in a Drainage Basin
  1.6.1 Hydrological Cycle in a Drainage Basin
  1.6.2 Processes in a Drainage Basin
- 1.7 Processes Operating in a River
  1.7.1 Erosion
  1.7.2 Transportation
  1.7.3 Deposition
  1.7.4 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Upper Course
  1.7.5 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Deposition
2 Paper 1 - Changing Coastal Environments
3 Paper 1 - Changing Ecosystems
- 3.1 Antarctic
  3.1.1 Features of the Antartic Ecosystem
  3.1.2 Factors Influencing the Antarctic
  3.1.3 Abiotic–Biotic Factors & Adaptations
- 3.2 Threats to the Antarctic
  3.2.1 Antarctic: Threats & Impacts
  3.2.2 Antarctic: Evaluation of Strategies
- 3.3 Tropical Rainforest
  3.3.1 Global Distribution & Characteristics
  3.3.2 Tropical Rainforest: Structure
  3.3.3 Tropical Rainforest: Interrelationships
- 3.4 Tropical Rainforest: Threats
  3.4.1 ThreatsThreats & Impacts
  3.4.2 Evaluation of Strategies
  3.4.3 Mathematical Skills: Deforestation
  3.4.4 Rainforest Case Study
4 Paper 1 - Tectonic Hazards
- 4.1 The Structure of the Earth
  4.1.1 Structure of the Earth: Characteristics
  4.1.2 Tectonic Plates
  4.1.3 Plate Margins
  4.1.4 Plate Boundaries
  4.1.5 Earthquakes at Plate Margins
- 4.2 The Processes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes
  4.2.1 Earthquakes: Processes & Characteristics
  4.2.2 Earthquake Hazards
  4.2.3 Types of Volcano
  4.2.4 Classification & Features
  4.2.5 Volcanic Hazards
  4.2.6 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Lava
  4.2.7 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Location of Volcanoes
  4.2.8 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Focus vs Epicentre
  4.2.9 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Sliding Plates
- 4.3 The Impacts of Tectonic Hazards
  4.3.1 Why do People Live Near Volcanoes?
  4.3.2 Primary Effects of Volcanoes
  4.3.3 Secondary Effects of Volcanoes
  4.3.4 Measuring Earthquakes
- 4.4 Managing the Impacts of Tectonic Hazards
  4.4.1 Managing Impacts of Tectonic Hazards - Monitoring
  4.4.2 Managing Impacts of Tectonic Hazards - Planning
  4.4.3 Case Study: Agung
  4.4.4 Case Study: Christchurch
  4.4.5 Mathematic Skills: Tectonic Hazards
5 Paper 1 - Climate Change
- 5.1 Natural & Human Causes of Climate Change
  5.1.1 Climate Change: Evidence
  5.1.2 Climate Change: Factors
  5.1.3 Climate Change: Human Influence
  5.1.4 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Greenhouse Effect
  5.1.5 Diagnostic Misconceptions - 1°C Change in Temp.
- 5.2 Impacts of Climate Change
  5.2.1 Impact on the Environment
  5.2.2 Impact on People
  5.2.3 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Species Adaptation
- 5.3 Responses to Climate Change
  5.3.1 Climate Change: Strategies
  5.3.2 Evaluation of Mitigation
  5.3.3 Climate Change: Case Study
6 Paper 2 - Changing Populations
- 6.1 Populations Grow & Decline
  6.1.1 Reasons for Growth & Decline
  6.1.2 Patterns & Trends
  6.1.3 Evaluation of Impacts
  6.1.4 Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
  6.1.5 Stages of the Demographic Transition Model
  6.1.6 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Declining Birth Rate
- 6.2 Population Structures Over Time
  6.2.1 Factors Influencing Birth Rates
  6.2.2 Factors Influencing Death Rates
  6.2.3 Population Policies
  6.2.4 Population Structure
  6.2.5 Population Pyramids
  6.2.6 Case Study: UK's Ageing Population - Causes
  6.2.7 Case Study: UK's Ageing Population - Effects
  6.2.8 Case Study: UK's Ageing Population - Responses
- 6.3 Causes & Impacts of International Migration
  6.3.1 Migration
  6.3.2 Impacts of Migration
  6.3.3 Types of Migrant & Causes
  6.3.4 Evaluation of Strategies
  6.3.5 Case Study: Afghanistan to Pakistan
  6.3.6 Case Study: Mexico to the USA
  6.3.7 End of Topic Test - Populations
7 Paper 2 - Changing Towns & Cities
- 7.1 Where People Live
  7.1.1 Variations in Global Population
- 7.2 Opportunities & Challenges of Urbanisation
  7.2.1 Opportunities & Challenges
  7.2.2 Impact
  7.2.3 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Inequality
  7.2.4 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Urbanisation
  7.2.5 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Megacities
- 7.3 Management of Urban Growth
  7.3.1 Evaluation of Strategies
  7.3.2 Case Study: Notting Hill & Leicester
  7.3.3 Mathematical Skills: Urban Issues
  7.3.4 End of Topic Test - Urbanisation
8 Paper 2 - Development
- 8.1 Measuring Development
  8.1.1 Social & Economic Indicators
  8.1.2 Comparing Countries
  8.1.3 Development: Environmental Factors
  8.1.4 Development: Historical Factors
  8.1.5 Development: Political Causes
  8.1.6 Development: Social Causes
  8.1.7 Development: Economic Causes
- 8.2 Uneven Development
  8.2.1 Reasons for Uneven Development
  8.2.2 Uneven Development: Patterns
  8.2.3 Measures of Inequality Within Countries
  8.2.4 Case Study: Inequality in China
- 8.3 Sustainable Development
  8.3.1 Definition & Techniques
  8.3.2 Case Study: Bangladesh
9 Paper 2 - Changing Economies
10 Paper 2 - Resource Provision
- 10.1 Food
  10.1.1 Farming Types
  10.1.2 Human Inputs
  10.1.3 Physical Inputs
  10.1.4 Green Revolution
  10.1.5 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Food
- 10.2 Patterns of Food Supply & Demand
  10.2.1 Calorie Intake
  10.2.2 Reasons for Changing Global Supply
  10.2.3 Strategies to Increase Food Supply
  10.2.4 Reasons & Impacts
- 10.3 Challenges of Food Supply
  10.3.1 Human Factors
  10.3.2 Natural Factors
  10.3.3 Impacts of Food Insecurity
  10.3.4 Increasing Farm Output
  10.3.5 Food Aid
  10.3.6 Desertification
  10.3.7 Reducing the Risk of Desertification
  10.3.8 Soil Erosion
  10.3.9 Low Impact Farming
  10.3.10 Mathematical Skills: Food
- 10.4 Energy
  10.4.1 Types of Energy: Renewable & Non-Renewable
  10.4.2 Non-Renewable: Fuelwood
  10.4.3 Non-Renewable: Nuclear
  10.4.4 Non-Renewable: Fossil Fuels
  10.4.5 Renewable: Wind & Solar
  10.4.6 Renewable: Wave & Tidal
  10.4.7 Renewable: Biofuel
  10.4.8 Renewable: HEP & Geothermal
- 10.5 Patterns of Energy Supply & Demand
  10.5.1 Reasons for Increasing Energy Consumption
  10.5.2 Energy Security
  10.5.3 Variations in Energy Use
- 10.6 Impacts of Energy Production
  10.6.1 Strategies to Increase Energy Supply
  10.6.2 Evaluation of the Strategies
  10.6.3 Case Study: Iceland
  10.6.4 Case Study: China
  10.6.5 Mathematical Skills: Energy
  10.6.6 End of Topic Test - Energy

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