Energy Security
Geography: Cambridge International GCSE (2027 Exams), topic 10.5.2
Understanding Energy Security
Energy security means having reliable and affordable access to energy. Energy security affects both short- and long-term needs and shapes a country’s development and economy.
What is energy security?
- Energy security means having a steady supply of energy at an affordable price.
- Energy can come from fossil fuels, renewables, or nuclear power.
- A lack of energy security leads to power cuts and rising costs.
Short-term and long-term needs
- Short-term energy needs include daily electricity and fuel use.
- Sudden events like war or extreme weather can disrupt short-term supply.
- Long-term needs involve planning for future demand and supply.
- Building power stations and improving infrastructure takes time.
Energy demand and economic growth
- A growing economy uses more energy for factories, transport, and services.
- Rising incomes lead to higher energy use in homes and businesses.
- Population growth increases pressure on energy resources.
- Industrial development in poorer countries raises global demand.
- Without a long-term energy plan, a country’s development can suffer.
Energy security and the economy
- A stable energy supply keeps businesses running and supports jobs.
- Strong energy security helps attract investment and trade.
- Energy shortages can delay production and increase transport costs.
- Energy shortages negatively affect businesses and people's quality of life.
- High energy prices make goods and services more expensive.
Test yourself on Energy Security
How does economic growth affect energy demand?
What happens when a country lacks energy security?