Earthquake Hazards
Geography: Cambridge International GCSE (2027 Exams), topic 4.2.2
Earthquake Hazards
Earthquakes cause many hazards, including ground shaking, landslides, and tsunamis, which threaten people, buildings, and the environment.
Ground shaking
- Earthquakes cause violent shaking of the ground.
- Strong shaking can collapse buildings and bridges.
- Roads and railways crack, disrupting transport.
- Shaking is stronger near the epicentre and in soft ground areas.
Liquefaction and ground displacement
- Liquefaction happens when loose, wet soil behaves like liquid.
- Buildings sink or tilt as the ground loses strength.
- Ground displacement shifts roads, pipes, and power lines.
- Cracks and gaps appear along fault lines.
Flooding and tsunamis
- Earthquakes can damage dams and water pipes, causing floods.
- Underwater earthquakes may trigger tsunamis.
- Tsunamis are large waves that flood coastal areas.
- Tsunamis can travel far and cause loss of life and damage.
Slope failure and landslides
- Earthquakes can weaken hillsides and steep slopes.
- Ground shaking may trigger landslides in mountainous regions.
- Landslides bury roads, homes, and farmland.
Test yourself on Earthquake Hazards
Why do landslides occur during earthquakes in mountainous regions?
How do underwater earthquakes create tsunamis?