4.2.4

Diseconomies of Scale

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Diseconomies of Scale

Diseconomies of scale happen when a business grows so large that the business’ products average unit cost (cost per unit) increases. Diseconomies of scale can happen for a number of reasons:

Coordination issues

Coordination issues

  • As a firm grows, the way the firm functions or operates becomes more complex.
  • There may be new departments and different teams located in different places (nationally or internationally).
  • This can make it harder and more expensive to manage effectively. This can lead to diseconomies of scale.
Communication issues

Communication issues

  • In a larger business, communication becomes more difficult because of the size of the workforce and the number of different divisions in the business.
Lower employee motivation

Lower employee motivation

  • Workers can become demotivated if they feel like a cog in a wheel and can’t see the impact of their work on the business’ overall performance.
  • This can lead to a drop in productivity and an increase in average unit cost.
Case study: Big Bake Ltd

Case study: Big Bake Ltd

  • Big Bake Ltd started as a small family bakery and expanded by opening more factories and hiring hundreds of staff.
  • At first, the company benefited from economies of scale:
    • Buying ingredients in bulk and using efficient equipment reduced the cost per loaf of bread.
Big Bake Ltd

Big Bake Ltd

  • As the company grew too large, it faced diseconomies of scale:
    • Communication problems: Messages got lost or misunderstood, causing mistakes in production.
    • Lack of motivation: Employees felt like just a number, reducing productivity.
    • Poor coordination: Managing multiple factories and large teams became difficult, causing delays and confusion.
    • Because of these issues, the average cost per loaf increased, showing diseconomies of scale in action.
Jump to other topics
1

Understanding Business Activity

1.1

Business Activity

1.1.1Purpose of Business Activity1.1.2Customer Needs1.1.3Why are Businesses Set Up?1.1.4Specialisation & Division of Labour
1.2

Classification of Businesses

1.2.1The 3 Sectors of Economic Activity1.2.2Public & Private Sector
1.3

Enterprise, Business Growth & Size

1.3.1Business Aims1.3.2Business Objectives1.3.3Different Businesses Have Different Objectives1.3.4Business Objectives Change Over Time1.3.5End of Topic Test - Business Objectives1.3.6Enterprise1.3.7Risks1.3.8Rewards1.3.9Entrepreneur1.3.10Role of the Entrepreneur1.3.11Encouragement of Enterprise1.3.12Business Plans1.3.13Advantages & Disadvantages of a Business Plan1.3.14The Main Parts of a Business Plan1.3.15Methods of Measuring Business Size1.3.16Business Expansion - Internal Expansion1.3.17Advantages of External Expansion1.3.18Disadvantages of External Expansions1.3.19Small Businesses1.3.20Reasons for Business Failure
1.4

Types of Business Organisation

1.4.1Sole Traders1.4.2Partnerships1.4.3Limited Companies1.4.4Private Limited Companies1.4.5Public Limited Companies1.4.6Unlimited vs Limited Liability1.4.7Not For Profit1.4.8Franchising1.4.9End of Topic Test - Business Ownership1.4.10Application Questions - Business Ownership1.4.11Diagnostic Misconceptions - Company vs Business
1.5

Business Objectives & Stakeholder Objectives

1.5.1The Main Stakeholders in a Business1.5.2The Impact & Influence of Stakeholders on Business1.5.3Diagnostic Misconceptions - Profit1.5.4Diagnostic Misconceptions - Owners vs Shareholders
2

People in Business

2.1

Human Resource Management (HRM)

2.1.1Contracts of Employment2.1.2Recruitment2.1.3Benefits of an Effective Recruitment Process2.1.4Reducing the Workforce2.1.5Legal Controls Over Employment2.1.6Training2.1.7End of Topic Test - The Workforce2.1.8Application Questions - The Workforce2.1.9Diagnostic Misconceptions - Recruitment
2.2

Organisation & Management

2.2.1Internal Organisational Structures2.2.2Business Functions & Definitions2.2.3Centralised vs. Decentralised Structures2.2.4Tall & Flat Organisations2.2.5The Impact of Organisational Structure on Managing2.2.6Leadership Styles2.2.7Trade Unions2.2.8End of Topic Test - Org Structure
2.3

Methods of Communication

2.3.1Communication in Businesses
2.4

Motivating Employees

2.4.1Motivation in the Workplace2.4.2Financial Methods of Motivation2.4.3Non-Financial Methods of Motivation2.4.4Diagnostic Misconceptions - Money
3

Marketing

3.1

Marketing & the Market

3.1.1Customer Needs3.1.2Identifying and Satisfying Customer Needs3.1.3The Market3.1.4The Market-Driven Approach3.1.5Competition3.1.6The Impact of High Competition3.1.7Diagnostic Misconceptions - Competition3.1.8Market Segmentation3.1.9Methods of Market Segmentation
3.2

Market Research

3.2.1Market Research3.2.2Qualitative & Quantitative Research3.2.3Primary Market Research3.2.4Secondary Market Research3.2.5Analyse Market Research Data3.2.6Application Questions - Marketing3.2.7End of Topic Test - Marketing
3.3

Marketing Mix

3.3.1The Product Life Cycle3.3.2Product Design3.3.3Product Portfolio & The Boston Matrix3.3.4Benefits & Risks of New Products3.3.5Extension Strategies3.3.6Price3.3.7Pricing - Skimming & Penetration3.3.8Competitive and Cost-Plus Pricing3.3.9Market Mapping - Price vs Quality3.3.10Place3.3.11Manufacturer-Wholesalers-Retailers-Customers3.3.12Manufacturer-Retailers-Customers3.3.13Direct to Customers3.3.14Promotional Methods3.3.15Reasons for Promotion3.3.16Advertising3.3.17Advertisement - Product Placement3.3.18Public Relations3.3.19Sales Promotion3.3.20Sponsorship3.3.21Social Media3.3.22Promotional Mix3.3.23E-Commerce and M-Commerce3.3.24Benefits & Drawbacks of E-Commerce and M-Commerce3.3.25End of Topic Test - Marketing Mix3.3.26Grade 9 - Marketing Mix3.3.27Diagnostic Misconceptions - Decreasing Price3.3.28Diagnostic Misconceptions - Advertise vs Promote3.3.29Diagnostic Misconceptions - Social Media3.3.30Marketing Strategy3.3.31Entering Foreign Markets
3.4

Legal Controls

3.4.1Legal Controls on Marketing
4

Operations Management

4.1

Production of Goods & Services

4.1.1Production Processes Overview4.1.2Job Production4.1.3Flow Production4.1.4Batch Production4.1.5Production Efficiency - Lean Production4.1.6Managing Stock - Just in Time4.1.7Technology & Production4.1.8Factors of Production4.1.9Diagnostic Misconceptions - JIT vs JIC
4.2

Cost, Scale of Production & Break-Even Analysis

4.2.1Costs4.2.2Costs - Calculations4.2.3Economies of Scale4.2.4Diseconomies of Scale4.2.5Break-Even Analysis4.2.6Profits and Losses - Calculations4.2.7Diagnostic Misconceptions - Fixed Costs4.2.8Diagnostic Misconceptions - Economies of Scale4.2.9Diagnostic Misconceptions - Break-Even
4.3

Achieving Quality Production

4.3.1Importance of Quality4.3.2Measuring Quality4.3.3Quality control4.3.4Total Quality Management4.3.5Benefits of Maintaining High Product/Service Qual.4.3.6Costs of Maintaining High Quality/Service4.3.7End of Topic Test - Operational Decisions
4.4

Location Decisions

4.4.1Business Location4.4.2Nature of Business Activity
5

Financial Information & Decisions

5.1

Business Finance

5.1.1Finance5.1.2Sources of Finance5.1.3Factors Affecting Financing
5.2

Cash Flow Forecast

5.2.1Cash Flow5.2.2Cash Flow Forecasts5.2.3Consequences of Cash Flow Problems5.2.4Cash Flow - Calculations5.2.5Solutions to Cash Flow Problems5.2.6Diagnostic Misconceptions - Cash Flow
5.3

Profit & Loss

5.3.1Profit5.3.2Profit - Calculations5.3.3Financial Statements5.3.4Income Statements5.3.5Financial Data5.3.6Information from Graphs & Charts5.3.7End of Topic Test - Finance5.3.8Grade 9 - Finance
5.4

Statement of Financial Position

5.4.1Elements of a Statement of Financial
5.5

Analysis of Accounts

5.5.1Gross Profit5.5.2Liquidity5.5.3Gross Profit - Calculations5.5.4Net Profit5.5.5Net Profit - Calculations5.5.6Operating Profit Margin5.5.7Markup5.5.8Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)5.5.9Current Ratio & Acid Test Ratio
6

External Influences on Business Activity

6.1

Economic Issues

6.1.1Business Cycle6.1.2Objectives of Government Economic Policy6.1.3Provision of Public Services6.1.4Taxation & Constraints on Public Spending6.1.5The Government & Business Activity6.1.6Interest Rates6.1.7Interest Rates - Calculations6.1.8Diagnostic Misconceptions - Recession
6.2

Business & the International Economy

6.2.1Multinational Companies6.2.2Exchange Rates
6.3

Business & the Environment

6.3.1Globalisation6.3.2Environmental Issues6.3.3Business and Sustainability
6.4

Business & Ethical Issues

6.4.1Ethical Considerations for Businesses6.4.2Benefits of Being Ethical
6.5

Pressure Groups

6.5.1Pressure Groups

Practice questions on Diseconomies of Scale

Can you answer these? Test yourself with free interactive practice on Seneca — used by over 10 million students.

  1. 1
    What type of diseconomies of scale does the following statement represent: New departments and different teams located in different places can make it harder and more expensive to manage effectively?Multiple choice
  2. 2
    You have started a bakery that has become very successful and is expanding rapidly by opening new branches across the country. You notice it is now harder to communicate ideas quickly to your staff and manage all departments effectively. Why might this be causing your average unit cost to increase?Multiple choice
  3. 3
    Your small clothing business has grown so big that you have teams working in different cities and even other countries. Some employees feel less motivated as their work feels less important to the overall firm. How can this impact your business costs?Multiple choice
  4. 4
    Imagine your tech startup is expanding quickly and you are hiring many new employees who specialise in different roles. However, managing these new teams has become complicated and more time-consuming. What is the likely effect on your average unit costs?Multiple choice
  5. 5
    Your furniture company's production is increasing, but you find the average cost per chair is rising contrary to your expectations. You suspect the expansion is causing communication breakdowns between the design and manufacturing teams. What business principle explains this rise in average costs?Multiple choice
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Economies of Scale

Break-Even Analysis