12.6.5
Demonstrative Pronouns
Ça, Cela
Ça, Cela
'Ça' and 'cela' are called indefinite demonstrative pronouns. They're used to replace a noun in a sentence. The replaced noun can be an idea or a situation or something unnamed.
Cela
Cela
- 'Cela' can be used with every verb:
- Cela me fera plaisir de répondre à vos questions.
- I would be happy to take your questions. (Literally: This will make me happy to answer your questions.)
- Cela doit rester un secret.
- This has to remain a secret.
- Cela me fera plaisir de répondre à vos questions.
- 'Cela' is also used as the thing having the action done to it.
- Qui a fait cela ?
- Who did this?
- Qui a fait cela ?
Ça
Ça
- 'Ça' is used in the same way as 'cela', but it's the more informal version.
- Ça me fera plaisir.
- I would be happy to.
- Ça devrait aller mieux demain.
- That will be better tomorrow.
- Qui a fait ça ?
- Who did that?
- Ça me fera plaisir.
Celui - This One, That One
Celui - This One, That One
'Celui' is used for replacing masculine demonstrative adjectives and the nouns that follow them. 'Celui' cannot be used by itself. The three situations where 'celui' can be used are:
With '-ci-' or '-là' attached to it
With '-ci-' or '-là' attached to it
- With '-ci' added to it, it means 'this one'. With '-là' added to it, it means 'that one'.
- Quel garçon l'a fait, celui-ci ou celui-là?
- Which boy did it, this one or that one?
- Je ne sais pas si je veux celui-ci ou celui-là.
- I don't know if I want this one or that one.
- Quel garçon l'a fait, celui-ci ou celui-là?
Followed by a prepositional phrase
Followed by a prepositional phrase
- Usually, these begin with 'de'.
- Quel film voulez-vous voir? Celui d'Espagne ou celui du Brésil?
- Which film do you want to watch? The one from Spain or the one from Brazil?
- Le seul vélo du village, c'était celui de mon frère.
- The only bike in the village was the one belonging to my brother.
- Lequel préférez-vous? Celui de droite ou celui de gauche?
- Which do you prefer? The one on the right or the one on the left?
- Quel film voulez-vous voir? Celui d'Espagne ou celui du Brésil?
Followed by a relative pronoun
Followed by a relative pronoun
- They are used before 'dont', 'qui' and 'que'.
- Celui dont c'est l'anniversaire.
- The one whose birthday it is.
- Il n'y a de pire sourd que celui qui ne veut entendre.
- There are none so deaf as those who will not hear.
- Celui que vous voulez.
- The one which you want.
- Celui dont c'est l'anniversaire.
1The Changing Nature of Family
1.1Soucis et problèmes de famille
1.2Monoparentalité, homoparentalité etc
2The 'cyber-society'
2.1Qui sont les cybernautes ?
2.2Comment la technologie facilite la vie quotidienne
3The Place of Voluntary Work
3.1Qui sont et que font les bénévoles ?
3.2La valeur du bénévolat
4Diverse Society
4.1L'enrichissement dû à la mixité
4.2Tolérance et respect
5The Marginalised
5.1Qui ils sont
5.2Comment aider
6How Criminals Are Treated
6.1Quelles attitudes envers la criminalité ?
6.2La prison – échec ou succès ?
7A Culture Proud of its Heritage
7.1Le patrimoine - national, régional et local
7.2Comment le patrimoine reflète la culture
7.3Le patrimoine et le tourisme
8Cinema: the 7th Art Form
8.1Pourquoi le septième art?
8.2Le cinéma - une passion nationale ?
9Demonstrations, strikes – who holds the power?
9.1Le pouvoir des syndicats
9.2Manifestations et grèves – sont-elles efficaces ?
10Politics & Immigration
10.1Politiques d'intégration et immigration
10.2L'immigration et les partis politiques
10.3L'engagement politique des immigrés
11Conjugation & Use of Tenses
11.1Present Tense
11.1.1Irregular IR Verbs That End in 'vrir'
11.1.2Irregular RE Verbs
11.1.3RE Present Participle
11.1.4Irregular IR Verbs With No Pattern
11.1.5Irregular IR Verbs That End in 'enir'
11.1.6Regular IR Verbs
11.1.7Reflexive Verbs
11.1.8ER Present Participles
11.1.95 Common IR Verbs
11.1.10Stem-Changing Verbs
11.1.11Irregular Present Participles
11.1.12Irregular IR Verbs Like 'Partir'
11.1.13Regular RE Verbs
11.1.14Irregular ER Verbs - Aller
11.1.15Modal Irregular IR Verbs
11.1.165 Common RE Verbs
11.1.17Irregular RE Verbs With No Pattern
11.1.18Avoir
11.1.19Être
11.1.20Regular ER Verbs
11.1.21IR Present Participle
11.1.225 Common ER Verbs
11.2Perfect Tense
11.3Imperfect Tense
11.4Future Tense
11.5Conditional Tense
11.6Future Perfect Tense
11.7Conditional Perfect Tense
12Extra Grammar
12.2Adjectives
12.3Numerals
12.4Adverbs
12.5Quantifiers & Intensifiers
12.6Pronouns
12.7Passive Voice
12.8Prepositions
12.9Conjunctions
12.10Negation
12.11Questions
Jump to other topics
1The Changing Nature of Family
1.1Soucis et problèmes de famille
1.2Monoparentalité, homoparentalité etc
2The 'cyber-society'
2.1Qui sont les cybernautes ?
2.2Comment la technologie facilite la vie quotidienne
3The Place of Voluntary Work
3.1Qui sont et que font les bénévoles ?
3.2La valeur du bénévolat
4Diverse Society
4.1L'enrichissement dû à la mixité
4.2Tolérance et respect
5The Marginalised
5.1Qui ils sont
5.2Comment aider
6How Criminals Are Treated
6.1Quelles attitudes envers la criminalité ?
6.2La prison – échec ou succès ?
7A Culture Proud of its Heritage
7.1Le patrimoine - national, régional et local
7.2Comment le patrimoine reflète la culture
7.3Le patrimoine et le tourisme
8Cinema: the 7th Art Form
8.1Pourquoi le septième art?
8.2Le cinéma - une passion nationale ?
9Demonstrations, strikes – who holds the power?
9.1Le pouvoir des syndicats
9.2Manifestations et grèves – sont-elles efficaces ?
10Politics & Immigration
10.1Politiques d'intégration et immigration
10.2L'immigration et les partis politiques
10.3L'engagement politique des immigrés
11Conjugation & Use of Tenses
11.1Present Tense
11.1.1Irregular IR Verbs That End in 'vrir'
11.1.2Irregular RE Verbs
11.1.3RE Present Participle
11.1.4Irregular IR Verbs With No Pattern
11.1.5Irregular IR Verbs That End in 'enir'
11.1.6Regular IR Verbs
11.1.7Reflexive Verbs
11.1.8ER Present Participles
11.1.95 Common IR Verbs
11.1.10Stem-Changing Verbs
11.1.11Irregular Present Participles
11.1.12Irregular IR Verbs Like 'Partir'
11.1.13Regular RE Verbs
11.1.14Irregular ER Verbs - Aller
11.1.15Modal Irregular IR Verbs
11.1.165 Common RE Verbs
11.1.17Irregular RE Verbs With No Pattern
11.1.18Avoir
11.1.19Être
11.1.20Regular ER Verbs
11.1.21IR Present Participle
11.1.225 Common ER Verbs
11.2Perfect Tense
11.3Imperfect Tense
11.4Future Tense
11.5Conditional Tense
11.6Future Perfect Tense
11.7Conditional Perfect Tense
12Extra Grammar
12.2Adjectives
12.3Numerals
12.4Adverbs
12.5Quantifiers & Intensifiers
12.6Pronouns
12.7Passive Voice
12.8Prepositions
12.9Conjunctions
12.10Negation
12.11Questions
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