12.2.1

Agreement of Adjectives

Test yourself

Adjectives Must Agree

Adjectives are describing words, they agree when they are describing things.

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Common adjectives

  • Beau/belle - beautiful.
  • Triste - sad.
  • Normal(e) - normal.
  • Intéressant(e) - interesting.
  • Affreux/affreuse - awful.
  • Long(ue) - long.
  • Facile - easy.
  • Difficile - difficult.
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Singular

  • In French, adjectives agree with the gender and the quantity of the noun.
  • When it is masculine singular, they never change, for feminine singular you normally add an 'e', (unless it already has an 'e').
    • Le film intéressant - the interesting film.
    • La piste intéressante - the interesting approach.
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Plural

  • For masculine plural you just add an 's', for feminine plural you add 'es'.
    • Les films intéressants - the interesting films.
    • Les pistes intéressantes - the interesting approaches.

Irregular Agreements

For some words, you don't just add 'es' or 's'. They have irregular plural agreements.

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Ending in 'x'

  • When adjectives end in 'x' in the masculine singular, the feminine singular and plurals are irregular too.
  • Heureux - happy.
    • Heureux - masculine singular.
    • Heureux - masculine plural.
  • Dangeureux - dangerous.
    • Dangereuse - feminine singular.
    • Dangereuses - feminine plural.
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Ending in 'on', 'en', 'el', 'il'

  • When adjectives end in 'on', 'en', 'el' or 'il' in the masculine singular, the feminine singular and plural are irregular.
  • Bon - good.
    • Bon - masculine singular.
    • Bons - masculine plural.
    • Bonne - feminine singular.
    • Bonnes - feminine plural.
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Ending in 'er'

  • When adjectives end in 'er' the feminine singular and plural are irregular.
  • Premier - first.
    • Premier - masculine singular.
    • Premiers - masculine plural.
    • Première - feminine singular.
    • Premières - feminine plural.
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Ending in 'f'

  • When adjectives end in 'f' the feminine singular and plural are irregular.
  • Sportif - sporty.
    • Sportif - masculine singular.
    • Sportifs - masculine plural.
    • Sportive - feminine singular.
    • Sportives - feminine plural.
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Ending in 'c'

  • When adjectives end in 'c' the feminine singular and plural are irregular.
  • Blanc - white.
    • Blanc - masculine singular.
    • Blancs - masculine plural.
    • Blanche - feminine singular.
    • Blanches - feminine plural.

No Pattern Irregulars

Some irregulars don't follow a pattern when agreeing with a noun. These just need to be learned. Some of these change before a masculine singular noun that starts in a vowel.

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Tout - all

  • Masculine singular → Tout.
  • Masculine plural → Tous.
  • Feminine singular → Toute.
  • Feminine plural → Toutes.
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Long - long

  • Masculine singular → Long.
  • Masculine plural → Longs.
  • Feminine singular → Longue.
  • Feminine plural → Longues.
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Rigolo - funny

  • Masculine singular → Rigolo.
  • Masculine plural → Rigolos.
  • Feminine singular → Rigolote.
  • Feminine plural → Rigolotes.
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Vieux - old

  • Masculine singular → Vieux.
  • Masculine singular before a noun that starts with a vowel or the letter 'h' → Vieil.
  • Masculine plural → Vieux.
  • Feminine singular → Vieille.
  • Feminine plural → Vieilles.
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Beau - beautiful

  • Masculine singular → Beau.
  • Masculine singular before a noun that starts with a vowel or the letter 'h' → Bel.
  • Masculine plural → Beaux.
  • Feminine singular → Belle.
  • Feminine plural → Belles.
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Nouveau - new

  • Masculine singular → Nouveau.
  • Masculine singular before a noun that starts with a vowel or the letter 'h' → Nouvel.
  • Masculine plural → Nouveaux.
  • Feminine singular → Nouvelle.
  • Feminine plural → Nouvelles.
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Fou - crazy, mad

  • Masculine singular → Fou.
  • Masculine singular before a noun that starts with a vowel or the letter 'h' → Fol.
  • Masculine plural → Fous.
  • Feminine singular → Folle.
  • Feminine plural → Folles.

Jump to other topics

1The Changing Nature of Family

2The 'cyber-society'

3The Place of Voluntary Work

4Diverse Society

5The Marginalised

6How Criminals Are Treated

7A Culture Proud of its Heritage

8Cinema: the 7th Art Form

9Demonstrations, strikes – who holds the power?

10Politics & Immigration

11Conjugation & Use of Tenses

11.1Present Tense

11.2Perfect Tense

11.3Imperfect Tense

11.4Future Tense

11.5Conditional Tense

11.6Future Perfect Tense

11.7Conditional Perfect Tense

11.8Pluperfect Tense

12Extra Grammar

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