Types of Broadcasting
Media Studies: Eduqas GCSE, topic 4.1.2
Public Service Broadcasting: The BBC
The main public service broadcaster in the UK is the BBC which aims to educate, entertain and inform via its range of programmes and services.
PSB and funding
- PSB is defined (by OFCOM) as:
- ‘High quality content, made for as wide a range of audiences as possible, and for public benefit rather than purely commercial ends’.
- The BBC is funded by the licence fee.
OFCOM regulations
- OFCOM regulates the TV industry, including:
- Any on demand services.
- Responding to complaints from the public.
- Ensuring organisations follow the Broadcasting Code.
Funding the BBC
- In terms of funding the BBC is primarily funded by the licence fee which pays for many of the radio and TV stations and channels as well as funding the BBC websites and online content.
- Many consumers feel the licence fee is unfair in the current digital climate and it is unclear if it will remain in place in the future.
Impartiality
- The BBC is regulated by OFCOM and has to remain impartial and accurate.
- It is the longest standing TV channel and creates a broad range of programmes from news and documentaries to period dramas.
Adapting to the modern world
- The BBC has interactive services, reflecting its commitment to respond to its viewers.
- It has adapted its range of channels and TV shows over time to respond to the changing TV industry.
- For example 'BBC worldwide' which distributes its products globally adding extra revenue.
Production
- The BBC has in house production facilities and can produce programmes themselves, although many are made by independent production companies.
Commercial Broadcasters
Commercial broadcasters are not funded by the license fee. They therefore have different remits to the BBC.
ITV
- ITV is a commercial broadcaster which makes profit from distributing its content across a range of platforms globally.
- Their targeted channels allow advertisers to easily target certain audiences such as 16-34’s and housewives.
Channel 4
- Channel 4 is a non-profit, commercially funded, public service broadcaster.
- Any profits generated are primarily invested back into making programmes.
Channel 4 vs BBC
- Unlike the BBC’s remit, it’s commitment is to make programmes which challenge the status quo and cater for alternative interests or minority groups.
- This is reflected in things like it’s comedy shows and documentaries.
Other channels
- Channel 4 also owns:
- E4
- Film4
- 4Music
- More4
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How is the BBC funded?