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IGCSE
Chemistry
Edexcel IGCSE
Higher
Structural Isomerism

Structural Isomerism

Chemistry: Edexcel IGCSE, topic 15.2.4

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Why are these two molecules structural isomers?

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Previous topic15.2.3 Smallest Alkanes Next topic15.2.5 Structure of Alkenes

Chemistry: Edexcel IGCSE contents

1 States of Matter
- 1.1 States of Matter
  1.1.1 States of Matter
  1.1.2 Simple Sphere
  1.1.3 Changes of State
  1.1.4 Changes of State 2
  1.1.5 Changes of State 3
  1.1.6 Changes of State and Temperature
  1.1.7 Solubility
  1.1.8 Solubility Curves
  1.1.9 Solubility - Experiments
  1.1.10 Diffusion - Experiment
  1.1.11 Changing State HyperLearning
2 Elements, Compounds & Mixtures
- 2.1 Elements, Mixtures & Compounds
  2.1.1 Elements & Compounds
  2.1.2 Chemical Formula
  2.1.3 Mixtures
  2.1.4 Purity
  2.1.5 Separating Mixtures
  2.1.6 Separating Mixtures 2
  2.1.7 Paper Chromatography
  2.1.8 Paper Chromatography Analysis
  2.1.9 Paper Chromatography - Practical
  2.1.10 End of Topic Test - Elements,Compounds,Mixtures
  2.1.11 Grade 9 - Chromatography
  2.1.12 Exam-Style Questions - Separation of Mixtures
3 Atomic Structure
- 3.1 Atoms
  3.1.1 Atomic Structure
  3.1.2 Atom Size
  3.1.3 Subatomic Particles
  3.1.4 Atomic Number
  3.1.5 Relative Atomic Mass
  3.1.6 Isotopes
  3.1.7 Isotopes 2
4 The Periodic Table
- 4.1 The Periodic Table
  4.1.1 Periodic Table Arrangement
  4.1.2 Electron Structure
  4.1.3 Metals & Non-Metals
  4.1.4 Noble Gases
  4.1.5 End of Topic Test- Atomic Structure,Periodic Table
  4.1.6 Grade 9 - Atomic Structure, Periodic Table
  4.1.7 Exam-Style Questions -Alkali Metals
5 Chemical Formulae, Equations & Calculations
- 5.1 Equations
  5.1.1 Forming Equations
  5.1.2 Balancing Symbols
  5.1.3 State Symbols
  5.1.4 Relative Formula Mass
  5.1.5 Calculating Relative Formula Mass
  5.1.6 Relative Formula Mass - Calculations
  5.1.7 Introducing Moles
  5.1.8 Relative Formula Mass
  5.1.9 Amounts of Substance
  5.1.10 Moles & Yield
  5.1.11 Moles - Calculations
  5.1.12 Balancing Equations
  5.1.13 Moles to Balance Equations
  5.1.14 Limiting Reactants
  5.1.15 Chemical Measurements
  5.1.16 Calculating Mass
  5.1.17 Changing Mass
  5.1.18 Exam-Style Questions - Moles
  5.1.19 Percentage Yield
  5.1.20 Calculating Yield
  5.1.21 Percentage Yield - Calculations
  5.1.22 Empirical & Molecular Formula
  5.1.23 Experiment for Empirical Formula
  5.1.24 Empirical Formula - Calculations
  5.1.25 Concentrations & Amounts
  5.1.26 Conclusion of Solutions
  5.1.27 Volumes and Gases
  5.1.28 Concentration & Amounts - Calculations
  5.1.29 End of Topic Test - Equations
  5.1.30 Grade 9 - Equations
6 Bonding
7 Electrolysis
- 7.1 Electrolysis
  7.1.1 Molten Ionic Compounds
  7.1.2 Electrolysis - Process
  7.1.3 Electrolysis - Aqueous Solutions
  7.1.4 Electrolysis - Copper Sulfate
  7.1.5 Electrolysis - Examples
  7.1.6 Half Equations
  7.1.7 Exam-Style Questions - Electrolysis
8 Groups of the Periodic Table
- 8.1 Alkali Metals & Halogens
  8.1.1 Alkali Metals
  8.1.2 Alkali Metals - Properties
  8.1.3 Alkali Metal Reactions
  8.1.4 Reactivity of Alkali Metals
  8.1.5 Halogens - Properties
  8.1.6 Halogens - Colours and States
  8.1.7 Halogen - Displacement Reactions
  8.1.8 Halogen - Displacement Reactions 2
  8.1.9 Reactions Between Halogens and Metals
  8.1.10 Hydrogen Halides
  8.1.11 End of Topic Test - Alkali Metals & Halogens
  8.1.12 Grade 9 - Alkali Metals & Halogens
  8.1.13 Exam-Style Questions - Alkali Metals
9 The Atmosphere
- 9.1 Gases in the Atmosphere
  9.1.1 Gases in the Air
  9.1.2 Calculating Oxygen in the Air - Metal
  9.1.3 Calculating Oxygen in the Air - Non-Metal
  9.1.4 Oxygen
  9.1.5 Carbon Dioxide
  9.1.6 Greenhouse Gases
  9.1.7 Greenhouse Gases & Human Activities
  9.1.8 Greenhouse Gases & Climate
  9.1.9 End of Topic Test - Gases in the Atmosphere
  9.1.10 Grade 9 - Gases in the Atmosphere
10 Reactivity Series
- 10.1 Reactivity Series
  10.1.1 Reactivity Diagram
  10.1.2 Displacement Reactions
  10.1.3 Reactivity Tests - Water
  10.1.4 Reactivity Tests - Acid
  10.1.5 Reactivity Tests - Metals
  10.1.6 Corrosion
  10.1.7 Preventing Corrosion
  10.1.8 Metal Oxide
  10.1.9 Oxidisation & Reduction
  10.1.10 Redox Reactions
  10.1.11 End of Topic Test - Reactivity Series
  10.1.12 Grade 9 - Reactivity Series
  10.1.13 Exam-Style Questions - Redox Reactions
11 Metal Extraction
- 11.1 Metal Extraction
  11.1.1 Extracting Metals
  11.1.2 Extracting Metals - Electrolysis
  11.1.3 Alloys
  11.1.4 Metal Alloys
  11.1.5 End of Topic Test - Extracting Metals
  11.1.6 Grade 9 - Extracting Metals
12 Acids & Alkalis
- 12.1 Acids, Alkalis & Titrations
  12.1.1 Acids and Alkali Indicators
  12.1.2 Is it an Acid or Alkali?
  12.1.3 The pH Scale
  12.1.4 Titrations
  12.1.5 Titration - Practical
  12.1.6 Titrations - Methods
  12.1.7 Soluble Salts
  12.1.8 Solubility of Salts
  12.1.9 Making Insoluble Salts
  12.1.10 Required Practical: Separating Mixtures
  12.1.11 Reaction of Acid & Metals
  12.1.12 Neutralisation of Acids
  12.1.13 Strong vs Weak Bases
  12.1.14 End of Topic Test - Acids & Alkalis
  12.1.15 Grade 9 - Acids & Alkalis
  12.1.16 Exam-Style Questions - Neutralisation & Titrations
13 Chemical Tests
- 13.1 Identifying Gases
  13.1.1 Hydrogen
  13.1.2 Oxygen
  13.1.3 Carbon Dioxide
  13.1.4 Chlorine
  13.1.5 Ammonia
- 13.2 Testing Anions, Cations & Water
  13.2.1 Flame Tests
  13.2.2 Flame Test - Practical
  13.2.3 Metal Hydroxides
  13.2.4 Testing Cations
  13.2.5 Testing for Aqueous Cations
  13.2.6 Testing Carbonates
  13.2.7 Testing Halides
  13.2.8 Testing for Carbonate and Halides
  13.2.9 Testing Sulfates
  13.2.10 Testing Sulfates 2
  13.2.11 Testing Water
  13.2.12 Testing Water Purity
  13.2.13 End of Topic Test - Chemical Tests
  13.2.14 Grade 9 - Chemical Tests
  13.2.15 Exam-Style Questions - Identifying Gases & Ions
14 Physical Chemistry
15 Organic Chemistry
- 15.1 Hydrocarbons
  15.1.1 Crude Oil
  15.1.2 Properties of Hydrocarbons
  15.1.3 Fractional Distillation
  15.1.4 Process of Fractional Distillation
  15.1.5 Fractions
  15.1.6 Combustion of Hydrocarbons
  15.1.7 Impurities
  15.1.8 Heavy Fractions of Crude Oil
  15.1.9 Cracking
- 15.2 Alkanes & Alkenes
  15.2.1 Homologous Series
  15.2.2 Alkanes
  15.2.3 Smallest Alkanes
  15.2.4 Structural Isomerism
  15.2.5 Structure of Alkenes
  15.2.6 The Shortest Alkenes
  15.2.7 Alkene Reactions
  15.2.8 Types of Alkene Reactions
  15.2.9 Q5 - Alkene Reactions
- 15.3 Alcohols
  15.3.1 Alcohols
  15.3.2 Smallest Alcohols
  15.3.3 Combustion of Alcohols
  15.3.4 Oxidisation of Ethanol
  15.3.5 Fermentation
  15.3.6 Ethanol Hydration
  15.3.7 Fermentation vs Hydration of Ethene
- 15.4 Carboxylic Acids
  15.4.1 Carboxylic Acids
  15.4.2 Smallest Carboxylic Acids
  15.4.3 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
- 15.5 Esters
  15.5.1 Esters
  15.5.2 Ethyl Ethanoate
- 15.6 Synthetic Polymers
  15.6.1 Polymers
  15.6.2 Addition Polymerisation
  15.6.3 Examples of Addition Polymerisation
  15.6.4 Problems With Polymers
  15.6.5 Condensation Polymerisation
- 15.7 End of Topic - Organic Chemistry
  15.7.1 End of Topic Test - Organic Chemistry
  15.7.2 Grade 9 - Organic Chemistry
  15.7.3 Exam-Style Questions - Organic Compounds

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