Reading Roman Numerals

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Reading Roman Numerals

Roman numerals are the numbers used by people in Roman times. Roman numerals are useful to help you understand numbers.

Roman numerals

We can use the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 to show any number.
The Romans used a different system.
- The Romans used letters to show different numbers.

Letters for numbers

These are some of the Roman numerals used to count in Roman times.

Combining Roman numerals

The Romans used a combination of letters to represent different numbers.
- E.g. the number 2 is shown as two 1s (II).
- E.g. the number 3 is shown as three 1s (III).
- E.g. the number 6 is shown as one 5 and one 1 (VI).

Making other numbers

There is a special way to make numbers that have a place value digit is before a multiple of 5 (e.g. 4 and 9).
- E.g. 4 is shown as 1 before 5 (IV)
- E.g. 9 is shown as 1 before 10 (IX)
- E.g. 40 is shown as 10 before 50 (XL)
- E.g. 90 is shown as 10 before 100 (XC)

Big Numbers with Roman Numerals

You can show larger numbers using Roman numerals. You can show big numbers by building a number with the smaller numerals.

36 in Roman numerals

The number 36 is XXXVI in Roman numerals.
- 36 = 30 (XXX) + 6 (VI) = XXXVI

345 in Roman numerals

The number 345 is CCCXLV in Roman numerals.
- 345 = 300 (CCC) + 40 (XL) + 5 (V) = CCCXLV

1,678 in Roman numerals

The number 1,678 is MDCLXXVIII in Roman numerals.
- 1,678 = 1,000 (M) + 600 (DC) + 70 (LXX) + 8 (VIII) = MDCLXXVIII

2,020 in Roman numerals

The number 2,020 is MMXX in Roman numerals.
- 2,020 = 2,000 (MM) + 20 (XX) = MMXX

1Year 5 - Number

1.1Number & Place Value

1.1.1The Value of Digits to Millions

1.1.2Smallest & Biggest Numbers to Millions

1.1.3Ordering Numbers to Millions

1.1.4Counting in Powers of 10

1.1.5Counting in Negative Numbers

1.1.6Rounding Numbers up to 1,000,000

1.1.7Reading Roman Numerals

1.2Addition & Subtraction

1.2.1Written Methods for Adding Large Numbers

1.2.2Written Methods for Subtracting Large Numbers

1.2.3Mental Addition & Subtraction

1.2.4Rounding to Check Your Answer

1.3Multiplication & Division

1.3.1Multiples

1.3.2Factors

1.3.3Prime Numbers

1.3.4Prime Factors

1.3.5Composite Numbers

1.3.6Factor Trees

1.3.7Multiplication by a 1 Digit Number

1.3.8Long Multiplication Using Column Method

1.3.9Times Tables

1.3.10Division

1.3.11Multiplying & Dividing by 10, 100 & 1,000

1.3.12Square & Cube Numbers

1.4Fractions & Decimals

1.4.1Compare & Order Fractions

1.4.2Identifying Equivalent Fractions

1.4.3Add & Subtract Fractions

1.4.4Mixed Numbers & Improper Fractions

1.4.5Multiplying Fractions by Whole Numbers

1.4.6Converting Between Decimals & Fractions

1.4.7Rounding Decimals

1.4.8Ordering Decimals

2Year 5 - Measurement

2.1Measures

2.1.1Metric Measurements

2.1.2Imperial Measurements

2.2Perimeter & Area

2.2.1Perimeter

2.2.2Area

2.3Time

2.3.1Units of Time

3Year 5 - Geometry

3.1Properties of 3D Shapes

3.1.1Types of 3D Shapes

3.1.2Faces, Edges & Vertices

3.2Properties of 2D Shapes

3.2.1Polygons

3.3Angles

3.3.1Angles in Degrees

3.3.2Types of Angle

3.3.3Finding Missing Angles

3.4Position & Direction

3.4.1Reflection & Translation

4Year 5 - Statistics

4.1Graphs

4.1.1Line Graphs

4.1.2Tables

4.1.3Timetables

5Year 6 - Number

5.1Number & Place Value

5.1.1The Value of Digits to Ten Millions

5.1.2Ordering Numbers to Millions

5.1.3Rounding

5.1.4Negative Numbers

5.2Multiplication & Division

5.2.1Multiplication by a 2 Digit Number

5.2.2Division

5.2.3Multiples

5.2.4Factors

5.2.5Primes

5.3Mental Maths

5.3.1Multiplying & Dividing by 10, 100 & 1,000

5.3.2Addition & Subtraction

5.3.3Adding & Subtracting 10, 100 & 1,000

5.3.4Multiplication & Division

5.4Order of Operations

5.4.1BIDMAS

5.5Problem Solving

5.5.1Addition & Subtraction Multi-step Problems

5.5.2Problem Solving with Proportion

5.6Fractions & Decimals

5.6.1Simplifying Fractions Using Equivalents

5.6.2Ordering Different Types of Fraction

5.6.3Adding & Subtracting Fractions

5.6.4Adding & Subtracting Mixed Numbers

5.6.5Multiplying Fractions

5.6.6Dividing Fractions by Whole Numbers

5.6.7Converting Between Decimals & Fractions

5.6.8Dividing Decimals

6Year 6 - Ratio & Proportion

6.1Ratio

6.1.1Using Ratios

6.1.2Simplifying Ratios

6.2Percentages

6.2.1Calculating Percentages

6.3Scale

6.3.1Scale of 2D Shapes

7Year 6 - Algebra

7.1Sequences

7.1.1Describing Sequences

7.1.2Finding Gaps in Sequences

7.2Missing Number Problems

7.2.1Missing Number Problems

7.3Equations

7.3.1Balancing Equations

7.3.2Combining Two Variables

8Year 6 - Measurement

8.1Problem Solving

8.1.1Problem Solving with Measures

8.2Unit Conversion

8.2.1Conversion Between Miles & Kilometres

8.3Perimeter, Area & Volume

8.3.1Area

8.3.2Volume

8.3.3Nets

8.3.4Faces, Edges & Vertices

8.4Angles

8.4.1Types of Angle

8.4.2Finding Missing Angles

8.4.3Finding Missing Angles in Triangles

8.4.4Vertically Opposite Angles

8.5Circles

8.5.1Parts of a Circle

8.6Coordinate Grids

8.6.1Positions on Coordinate Grids

8.6.2Reflection & Translation

9Year 6 - Statistics

9.1Displaying Data

9.1.1Pie Charts

9.1.2Line Graphs

9.2Averages

9.2.1Mean

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