Hyphens

Hyphens are used to join words together. Hyphens tell us that 2 or more words in a sentence are linked. There are quite a few different uses of hyphens:

Compound adjectives

Compound adjectives are linked adjectives that are used before a noun. For example:
- ‘A multi-storey building’.
- ‘A state-of-the-art design’.
The adjectives are linked to create an overall adjective.

Avoiding confusion

Sometimes a hyphen helps avoid confusion when words can have more than one meaning.
- E.g. ‘John recovered the cushions’ means something different to ‘John re-covered the cushions’.

Writing on a new line

Hyphens can be used to break up a word if it continues onto the next line.
- A hyphen can only break up a word between two syllables in a word. For example:
  - It was only that night that I dis-
    covered where they were hiding.

Prefixes

Hyphens are used in words that begin with the prefixes 'self', 'ex' and 'all'.
- E.g. self-assured, self-doubt.
- E.g. ex-con, ex-professional.
- E.g. all-knowing, all-expenses paid.

Hyphens in Names and Numbers

Hyphens are used to join words together. Hyphens tell us that 2 or more words in a sentence are linked. Here are some more examples of how you can use hyphens.

Double-barrelled last names

People with double-barrelled last names use a hyphen to separate their two last names. For example:
- William Jones-Smith.
- Sandra McCartney-Philips.

Hyphens to write numbers

We use hyphens when writing numbers as words:
- Fractions (e.g. it was one-quarter of the amount).
- Compound numbers after 21 (e.g. My Dad is forty-two years old).

Hyphens for a range

We also use hyphens to give a range:
- Times (e.g. 9:15-10:15).
- Between numbers of people (e.g. 320-450 Americans).
- Between page numbers (e.g. p 200-250).
- Between dates (e.g. 1990-2000).

1Spelling

1.1Spelling

1.1.1Hard 'U' & 'I' Sounds

1.1.2Words Ending in '-sure', & '-mure'

1.1.3Words Ending in '-sion'

1.1.4'Ei', 'Eigh' & 'Ey' Spellings

1.1.5Spelling Words with 'Ch'

1.1.6Spelling Words with 'Sc'

1.1.7Silent Letters

1.1.8i Before e Rule

1.1.9Hard & Soft 'c' Sounds

1.1.10End of Topic Test - Spelling

1.2Prefixes

1.2.1'Anti-' & 'Auto-'

1.2.2Not & 'Inter-'

1.2.3'Mis-', 'Dis-' & 'Re-'

1.2.4'Sub-' & 'Super-'

1.3Suffixes

1.3.1Vowel Suffixes

1.3.2Short Vowel Suffixes

1.3.3Suffixes: '-ous'

1.3.4Rules for Suffixes: '-ous'

1.3.5Rules for Suffixes: '-ous' 2

1.3.6Suffixes: '-ly'

1.3.7Suffixes: '-ation'

1.3.8Suffixes: '-ation' 2

1.3.9Spelling: '-tion' Endings

1.3.10Spelling: '-sion' Endings

1.3.11Spelling: '-ssion' Endings

1.3.12Spelling: '-cian' Endings

1.3.13End of Topic Test - Prefixes & Suffixes

1.4Making Words Plural

1.4.1Plurals

1.5Homophones

1.6Word Meanings

1.6.1Homonyms

2Punctuation

3Grammar

3.1Word Classes

3.1.1Nouns

3.1.2Pronouns

3.1.3Verbs

3.1.4Adjectives & Adverbs

3.1.5Qualifiers & Quantifiers

3.1.6Determiners

3.1.7Prepositions

3.1.8Synonyms & Antonyms

3.1.9End of Topic Test - Word Classes

3.2Conjunctions

3.2.1Coordinating Conjunctions

3.2.2Subordinating Conjunctions

3.3Writing Coherently

3.3.1Building Cohesion in Writing

3.3.2Avoiding Ambiguity in Writing

3.4Verbs

3.4.1Subject-verb Agreement

3.5Modal Verbs

3.5.1Modal Verbs

3.5.2Can & Could

3.5.3May & Might

3.5.4Should & Shall

3.5.5Will & Would

3.5.6Must & Have To

3.6Phrasal Verbs

3.6.1Phrasal Verbs

3.7Subjunctive Verbs

3.7.1Subjunctive Verbs

3.7.2End of Topic Test - Verbs

3.8Sentences

3.8.1Subject of a Sentence

3.8.2Object of a Sentence

3.8.3Main & Subordinate Clauses

3.8.4Simple Sentences & Compound Sentences

3.8.5Complex Sentences

3.8.6Relative Clauses

3.8.7Relative Clauses Without Relative Pronouns

3.8.8Participle Clauses

3.8.9Run-on Sentences

3.8.10Sentence Functions

3.8.11End of Topic Test - Sentences

3.9Tenses

3.9.1Present Tense

3.9.2Past Tense

3.9.3Past Tense Using Have

3.9.4Future Tense

3.9.5Present vs Past vs Future

3.9.6Continuity of Tenses

3.9.7End of Topic Test - Tenses

3.10Adverbials

3.10.1Adverbial

3.10.2Saying Where & When

3.10.3Saying How Often

3.10.4Saying How & Why

3.10.5Using Commas for Fronted Adverbials

3.11Language Techniques

3.11.1Figurative & Emotive Language

3.11.2Active & Passive Voice

3.11.3Idiomatic Expressions

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