Plurals

The plural of a word is used when we have more than one of something. 'Dogs' is the plural of 'dog'. We use 'dogs' to show there is more than one 'dog'.

Making words plural

You can normally make a word plural by adding an ‘s’ to a noun.
There are some exceptions to the rule of adding an ‘s’ to a noun to make it plural.
- How to make a word plural usually depends on what letter the singular noun ends with.

Spelling with sound

Add ‘s’ to the end of the word to make it plural if making a word plural doesn’t change the number of syllables.
- E.g. dog (1 syllable) → dogs (1 syllable).
- E.g. oven (1 syllable) → ovens (1 syllable).
Add ‘es’ to the end of the word if making a word plural adds an extra syllable.
- E.g. box (1 syllable) → boxes (2 syllables).
- E.g. bus (1 syllable) → buses (2 syllables).

Spelling using the final letter

Every word that ends in the following letters creates an extra syllable when you make the word plural:
- 'x' - 'box' → 'boxes'
- 'ch' - 'church' → 'churches'
- 'sh' - 'bush' → 'bushes'
- 'ss' - 'success' → 'successes'
- 's' - 'bus' → 'buses'
- 'z' - 'fizz' → 'fizzes'
For all these, you would add ‘es’ rather than just ‘s’ to make the word plural.

Exceptions when Making Plurals

There are some words that don't change when you make them plural. There are other words that don't follow a rule when you make them plural.

Words that don't change

There are some words that don’t change when you make them plural:
- The plural of 'sheep' is 'sheep'.
- The plural of 'deer' is 'deer'.
- The plural of 'species' is 'species'.
- The plural of 'series' is 'series'.

Irregular plurals

There are a few irregular nouns that change form a lot when becoming plural:
- The plural of 'child' is 'children'.
- The plural of 'foot' is 'feet'.
- The plural of 'mouse' is 'mice'.
- The plural of 'man' is 'men'.

Irregular plurals cont.

Here are some more nouns that change form a lot when becoming plural:
- The plural of 'woman' is 'women'.
- The plural of 'tooth' is 'teeth'.
- The plural of 'goose' is 'geese'.
- The plural of 'person' is 'people'.

1Spelling

1.1Spelling

1.1.1Hard 'U' & 'I' Sounds

1.1.2Words Ending in '-sure', & '-mure'

1.1.3Words Ending in '-sion'

1.1.4'Ei', 'Eigh' & 'Ey' Spellings

1.1.5Spelling Words with 'Ch'

1.1.6Spelling Words with 'Sc'

1.1.7Silent Letters

1.1.8i Before e Rule

1.1.9Hard & Soft 'c' Sounds

1.1.10End of Topic Test - Spelling

1.2Prefixes

1.2.1'Anti-' & 'Auto-'

1.2.2Not & 'Inter-'

1.2.3'Mis-', 'Dis-' & 'Re-'

1.2.4'Sub-' & 'Super-'

1.3Suffixes

1.3.1Vowel Suffixes

1.3.2Short Vowel Suffixes

1.3.3Suffixes: '-ous'

1.3.4Rules for Suffixes: '-ous'

1.3.5Rules for Suffixes: '-ous' 2

1.3.6Suffixes: '-ly'

1.3.7Suffixes: '-ation'

1.3.8Suffixes: '-ation' 2

1.3.9Spelling: '-tion' Endings

1.3.10Spelling: '-sion' Endings

1.3.11Spelling: '-ssion' Endings

1.3.12Spelling: '-cian' Endings

1.3.13End of Topic Test - Prefixes & Suffixes

1.4Making Words Plural

1.4.1Plurals

1.5Homophones

1.6Word Meanings

1.6.1Homonyms

2Punctuation

3Grammar

3.1Word Classes

3.1.1Nouns

3.1.2Pronouns

3.1.3Verbs

3.1.4Adjectives & Adverbs

3.1.5Qualifiers & Quantifiers

3.1.6Determiners

3.1.7Prepositions

3.1.8Synonyms & Antonyms

3.1.9End of Topic Test - Word Classes

3.2Conjunctions

3.2.1Coordinating Conjunctions

3.2.2Subordinating Conjunctions

3.3Writing Coherently

3.3.1Building Cohesion in Writing

3.3.2Avoiding Ambiguity in Writing

3.4Verbs

3.4.1Subject-verb Agreement

3.5Modal Verbs

3.5.1Modal Verbs

3.5.2Can & Could

3.5.3May & Might

3.5.4Should & Shall

3.5.5Will & Would

3.5.6Must & Have To

3.6Phrasal Verbs

3.6.1Phrasal Verbs

3.7Subjunctive Verbs

3.7.1Subjunctive Verbs

3.7.2End of Topic Test - Verbs

3.8Sentences

3.8.1Subject of a Sentence

3.8.2Object of a Sentence

3.8.3Main & Subordinate Clauses

3.8.4Simple Sentences & Compound Sentences

3.8.5Complex Sentences

3.8.6Relative Clauses

3.8.7Relative Clauses Without Relative Pronouns

3.8.8Participle Clauses

3.8.9Run-on Sentences

3.8.10Sentence Functions

3.8.11End of Topic Test - Sentences

3.9Tenses

3.9.1Present Tense

3.9.2Past Tense

3.9.3Past Tense Using Have

3.9.4Future Tense

3.9.5Present vs Past vs Future

3.9.6Continuity of Tenses

3.9.7End of Topic Test - Tenses

3.10Adverbials

3.10.1Adverbial

3.10.2Saying Where & When

3.10.3Saying How Often

3.10.4Saying How & Why

3.10.5Using Commas for Fronted Adverbials

3.11Language Techniques

3.11.1Figurative & Emotive Language

3.11.2Active & Passive Voice

3.11.3Idiomatic Expressions

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