States of Matter - Solids, Liquids & Gases
Chemistry: Cambridge International GCSE Supplement, topic 1.1.1
States of Matter – Solids, Liquids & Gases
Matter exists as solids, liquids, and gases. Their particle arrangement and movement define each state.
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Introduction to states of matter
- Substances exist in three states: solids, liquids, and gases.
- The state depends on how particles are arranged and move.
- Understanding states of matter helps explain everyday materials.
Properties of solids
- Solids have a fixed shape and fixed volume.
- Particles in solids are closely packed in a regular pattern.
- Particles vibrate but do not move from place to place.
- Solids are difficult to compress because particles are close together.
Properties of liquids
- Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container.
- Particles in liquids are close but arranged randomly.
- Particles move around freely, sliding past each other.
- Liquids are harder to compress than gases but easier than solids.
Properties of gases
- Gases have no fixed shape or volume. They fill any container completely.
- Particles in gases are far apart and move quickly in all directions.
- Gas particles spread out evenly, so gases can be compressed easily.
- Gases expand when heated because particles move faster and spread out.
Test yourself on States of Matter - Solids, Liquids & Gases
Which of the following statements correctly describes a solid?
Why do gases expand when heated?