Geography: AQA GCSE revision notes
1 The Challenge of Natural Hazards
1.2 Tectonic Hazards
- 1.2.1 The Earth's Layers
- 1.2.2 Tectonic Plates
- 1.2.3 The Earth's Tectonic Plates
- 1.2.4 Convection Currents
- 1.2.5 Plate Margins
- 1.2.6 Volcanoes
- 1.2.7 Volcano Eruptions
- 1.2.8 Effects of Volcanoes
- 1.2.9 Primary Effects of Volcanoes
- 1.2.10 Secondary Effects of Volcanoes
- 1.2.11 Responses to Volcanic Eruptions
- 1.2.12 Immediate Responses to Volcanoes
- 1.2.13 Long-Term Responses to Volcanoes
- 1.2.14 Earthquakes
- 1.2.15 Earthquakes at Different Plate Margins
- 1.2.16 What is an Earthquake?
- 1.2.17 Measuring Earthquakes
- 1.2.18 Immediate Responses to Earthquakes
- 1.2.19 Long-Term Responses to Earthquakes
- 1.2.20 Case Studies: The L'Aquila Earthquake
- 1.2.21 Case Studies: The Kashmir Earthquake
- 1.2.22 Earthquake Case Study: Chile 2010
- 1.2.23 Earthquake Case Study: Nepal 2015
- 1.2.24 Reducing the Impact of Tectonic Hazards
- 1.2.25 Protecting & Planning
- 1.2.26 Living with Tectonic Hazards 2
- 1.2.27 End of Topic Test - Tectonic Hazards
- 1.2.28 Exam-Style Questions - Tectonic Hazards
- 1.2.29 Tectonic Hazards - Statistical Skills
- 1.2.30 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Lava
- 1.2.31 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Locations of Volcanoes
- 1.2.32 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Focus vs Epicentre
- 1.2.33 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Plates Sliding
1.3 Weather Hazards
- 1.3.1 Winds & Pressure
- 1.3.2 The Global Atmospheric Circulation Model
- 1.3.3 Surface Winds
- 1.3.4 UK Weather Hazards
- 1.3.5 Changing Weather in the UK
- 1.3.6 Tropical Storms
- 1.3.7 Tropical Storm Causes
- 1.3.8 Features of Tropical Storms
- 1.3.9 The Structure of Tropical Storms
- 1.3.10 The Effect of Climate Change on Tropical Storms
- 1.3.11 The Effects of Tropical Storms
- 1.3.12 Responses to Tropical Storms
- 1.3.13 Reducing the Effects of Tropical Storms
- 1.3.14 Tropical Storms Case Study: Katrina - Effects
- 1.3.15 Tropical Storms Case Study: Katrina - Responses
- 1.3.16 Tropical Storms Case Study: Haiyan
- 1.3.17 UK Weather Hazards Case Study: Somerset 2014
- 1.3.18 Effects & Responses: Somerset 2014
- 1.3.19 End of Topic Test - Weather Hazards
- 1.3.20 Exam-Style Questions - Weather Hazards
- 1.3.21 Weather Hazards - Statistical Skills
1.4 Climate Change
- 1.4.1 Climate Change
- 1.4.2 Evidence for Climate Change
- 1.4.3 Natural Causes of Climate Change
- 1.4.4 Human Causes of Climate Change
- 1.4.5 Effects of Climate Change on the Environment
- 1.4.6 Effects of Climate Change on People
- 1.4.7 Climate Change Mitigation Strategies
- 1.4.8 Adaptation to Climate Change
- 1.4.9 End of Topic Test - Climate Change
- 1.4.10 Exam-Style Questions - Climate Change
- 1.4.11 Climate Change - Statistical Skills
- 1.4.12 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Greenhouse Effect
- 1.4.13 Diagnostic Misconceptions - 1°C change in Temp.
2 The Living World
2.2 Tropical Rainforests
- 2.2.1 Tropical Rainforests
- 2.2.2 Interdependence of Tropical Rainforests
- 2.2.3 Adaptations of Plants to Rainforests
- 2.2.4 Adaptations of Animals to Rainforests
- 2.2.5 Biodiversity of Tropical Rainforests
- 2.2.6 Deforestation
- 2.2.7 Impacts of Deforestation
- 2.2.8 Case Study: Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest
- 2.2.9 Why Protect Rainforests?
- 2.2.10 Sustainable Management of Rainforests
- 2.2.11 Case Study: Malaysian Rainforest
- 2.2.12 End of Topic Test - Tropical Rainforests
- 2.2.13 Exam-Style Questions - Tropical Rainforests
- 2.2.14 Deforestation - Statistical Skills
- 2.2.15 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Rainfall
2.3 Hot Deserts
- 2.3.1 Hot Deserts
- 2.3.2 Interdependence in Hot Deserts
- 2.3.3 Adaptation of Plants to Hot Deserts
- 2.3.4 Adaptation of Animals to Hot Deserts
- 2.3.5 Biodiversity in Hot Deserts
- 2.3.6 Case Study: Sahara Desert
- 2.3.7 Desertification
- 2.3.8 Reducing the Risk of Desertification
- 2.3.9 Case Study: Thar Desert
- 2.3.10 End of Topic Test - Hot Deserts
- 2.3.11 Exam-Style Questions - Hot Deserts
- 2.3.12 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Location of Hot Desert
2.4 Tundra & Polar Environments
- 2.4.1 Overview of Cold Environments
- 2.4.2 Interdependence of Cold Environments
- 2.4.3 Adaptations of Plants to Cold Environments
- 2.4.4 Adaptations of Animals to Cold Environments
- 2.4.5 Biodiversity in Cold Environments
- 2.4.6 Case Study: Alaska
- 2.4.7 Sustainable Management
- 2.4.8 Case Study: Svalbard
- 2.4.9 End of Topic Test - Tundra & Polar Environments
- 2.4.10 Exam-Style Questions - Cold Environments
- 2.4.11 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Permafrost
3 Physical Landscapes in the UK
3.2 Coastal Landscapes in the UK
- 3.2.1 Types of Wave
- 3.2.2 Weathering
- 3.2.3 Mass Movement
- 3.2.4 Processes of Erosion
- 3.2.5 Wave-Cut Platforms
- 3.2.6 Headlands & Bays
- 3.2.7 Caves, Arches & Stacks
- 3.2.8 Longshore Drift
- 3.2.9 Sediment Transportation
- 3.2.10 Deposition
- 3.2.11 Spits, Bars & Sand Dunes
- 3.2.12 Coastal Management - Hard Engineering
- 3.2.13 Coastal Management - Soft Engineering
- 3.2.14 Case Study: Landforms on the Dorset Coast
- 3.2.15 Coastal Management - Managed Retreat
- 3.2.16 Coastal Management Case Study - Holderness
- 3.2.17 Coastal Management Case Study: Swanage
- 3.2.18 Coastal Management Case Study - Lyme Regis
- 3.2.19 End of Topic Test - Coastal Landscapes in the UK
- 3.2.20 Exam-Style Questions - Coasts
- 3.2.21 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Swash & Backwash
3.3 River Landscapes in the UK
- 3.3.1 The Long Profile of a River
- 3.3.2 The Cross Profile of a River
- 3.3.3 Vertical & Lateral Erosion
- 3.3.4 River Valley Case Study - River Tees
- 3.3.5 Processes of Erosion
- 3.3.6 Sediment Transport
- 3.3.7 River Deposition
- 3.3.8 Waterfalls & Gorges
- 3.3.9 Interlocking Spurs
- 3.3.10 Meanders
- 3.3.11 Oxbow Lakes
- 3.3.12 Floodplains
- 3.3.13 Levees
- 3.3.14 Estuaries
- 3.3.15 Case Study: The River Clyde
- 3.3.16 River Management
- 3.3.17 Hydrographs
- 3.3.18 Flood Defences - Hard Engineering
- 3.3.19 Flood Defences - Soft Engineering
- 3.3.20 River Management Case Study - Boscastle
- 3.3.21 River Management Case Study - Banbury
- 3.3.22 End of Topic Test - River Landscapes in the UK
- 3.3.23 Exam-Style Questions - Rivers
- 3.3.24 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Upper Course
- 3.3.25 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Deposition
3.4 Glacial Landscapes in the UK
- 3.4.1 The UK in the Last Ice Age
- 3.4.2 Glacial Processes
- 3.4.3 Glacial Landforms Caused by Erosion
- 3.4.4 Tarns, Corries, Glacial Troughs & Truncated Spurs
- 3.4.5 Types of Moraine
- 3.4.6 Drumlins & Erratics
- 3.4.7 Snowdonia
- 3.4.8 Land Use in Glaciated Areas
- 3.4.9 Conflicts in Glacial Landscapes
- 3.4.10 Tourism in Glacial Landscapes
- 3.4.11 Coping with Tourism Impacts in Glacial Landscapes
- 3.4.12 Case Study - Lake District
- 3.4.13 End of Topic Test - Glacial Landscapes in the UK
- 3.4.14 Exam-Style Questions - Glacial Landscapes
- 3.4.15 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Glacial Retreat
4 Urban Issues & Challenges
4.1 Urban Issues & Challenges
- 4.1.1 Urbanisation
- 4.1.2 Factors Causing Urbanisation
- 4.1.3 Megacities
- 4.1.4 Urbanisation Case Study: Lagos
- 4.1.5 Urbanisation Case Study: Rio de Janeiro
- 4.1.6 UK Cities
- 4.1.7 Case Study: Urban Regen Projects - Manchester
- 4.1.8 Case Study: Urban Change in Liverpool
- 4.1.9 Case Study: Urban Change in Bristol
- 4.1.10 Sustainable Urban Life
- 4.1.11 Reducing Traffic Congestion
- 4.1.12 End of Topic Test - Urban Issues & Challenges
- 4.1.13 Exam-Style Questions - Urban Issues & Challenges
- 4.1.14 Urban Issues -Statistical Skills
- 4.1.15 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Urbanisation
- 4.1.16 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Megacities
5 The Changing Economic World
5.1 The Changing Economic World
- 5.1.1 Measuring Development
- 5.1.2 Limitations of Developing Measures
- 5.1.3 Classifying Countries Based on Wealth
- 5.1.4 The Demographic Transition Model
- 5.1.5 Stages of the Demographic Transition Model
- 5.1.6 Physical Causes of Uneven Development
- 5.1.7 Historical Causes of Uneven Development
- 5.1.8 Economic Causes of Uneven Development
- 5.1.9 Consequences of Uneven Development
- 5.1.10 How Can We Reduce the Global Development Gap?
- 5.1.11 Case Study: Tourism in Kenya
- 5.1.12 Case Study: Tourism in Jamaica
- 5.1.13 Case Study: Economic Development in India
- 5.1.14 Case Study: India's Changing Industrial Structure
- 5.1.15 Case Study: TNCs in India
- 5.1.16 Case Study: India's Relationship with the World
- 5.1.17 Case Study: Aid Received by India
- 5.1.18 Case Study: Impacts of Development in India
- 5.1.19 Case Study: Economic Development in Nigeria
- 5.1.20 Case Study: Nigeria's Industries
- 5.1.21 Case Study: TNCs in Nigeria
- 5.1.22 Case Study: Nigeria's Relationship with the World
- 5.1.23 Case Study: Aid in Nigeria
- 5.1.24 Case Study: Impacts of Development in Nigeria
- 5.1.25 End of Topic Test - The Changing Economic World
- 5.1.26 Exam-Style Questions - The Changing Economic World
- 5.1.27 Changing Economic World - Statistical Skills
- 5.1.28 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Decreasing Birth Rate
- 5.1.29 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Inequality
- 5.1.30 Diagnostic Misconceptions - African Development
5.2 Economic Development in the UK
6 The Challenge of Resource Management
6.1 Resource Management
- 6.1.1 Global Distribution of Resources
- 6.1.2 Uneven Distribution of Resources
- 6.1.3 Food in the UK
- 6.1.4 Agribusiness
- 6.1.5 Demand for Water in the UK
- 6.1.6 Water Pollution in the UK
- 6.1.7 Matching Supply & Demand of Water in the UK
- 6.1.8 The UK's Energy Mix
- 6.1.9 Issues with Sources of Energy
- 6.1.10 Resource Management - Statistical Skills
6.2 Food
- 6.2.1 Areas of Food Surplus & Food Deficit
- 6.2.2 Increasing Food Consumption
- 6.2.3 Food Supply & Food Insecurity
- 6.2.4 Impacts of Food Insecurity
- 6.2.5 Increasing Food Supply
- 6.2.6 Case Study: Thanet Earth
- 6.2.7 Creating a Sustainable Food Supply
- 6.2.8 Case Study: Agroforestry in Mali
- 6.2.9 End of Topic Test - Food
- 6.2.10 Exam-Style Questions - Food
- 6.2.11 Food - Statistical Skills
- 6.2.12 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Amount of Food
6.3 Water
- 6.3.1 Water Surplus & Water Deficit
- 6.3.2 Increasing Water Consumption
- 6.3.3 What Affects the Availability of Water?
- 6.3.4 Impacts of Water Insecurity
- 6.3.5 Increasing Water Supplies
- 6.3.6 Case Study: Water Transfer in China
- 6.3.7 Sustainable Water Supply
- 6.3.8 Case Study: Kenya's Sand Dams
- 6.3.9 Case Study: Lesotho Highland Water Project
- 6.3.10 Case Study: Wakel River Basin Project
- 6.3.11 Exam-Style Questions - Water
- 6.3.12 Water - Statistical Skills
6.4 Energy
- 6.4.1 Global Demand for Energy
- 6.4.2 Increasing Energy Consumption
- 6.4.3 Factors Affecting Energy Supply
- 6.4.4 Impacts of Energy Insecurity
- 6.4.5 Increasing Energy Supply - Solar
- 6.4.6 Increasing Energy Supply - Water
- 6.4.7 Increasing Energy Supply - Wind
- 6.4.8 Increasing Energy Supply - Nuclear
- 6.4.9 Increasing Energy Supply - Fossil Fuels
- 6.4.10 Carbon Footprints
- 6.4.11 Energy Conservation
- 6.4.12 Case Study: Rice Husks in Bihar
- 6.4.13 Exam-Style Questions - Energy
- 6.4.14 Energy - Statistical Skills