8.1.2

Changes of State

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Changes of State

The state of a material is whether it is solid, liquid or gas. Changed of state are caused by changes in temperature.

Cooling liquids

Cooling liquids

  • Cooling a liquid can turn it turn into a solid.
    • Cooling water (liquid) enough will turn water into ice (solid).
    • A liquid turns into a solid when it freezes.
Cooling gases

Cooling gases

  • Cooling a gas can turn it turn into a liquid.
    • Cooling water vapour (gas) enough will turn water vapour into water (liquid).
    • A gas turns into a liquid when it condenses.
Heating solids

Heating solids

  • Heating a solid can turn it turn into a liquid.
    • Heating ice (solid) enough will turn ice into water (liquid).
    • A solid turns into a liquid when it melts.
Heating liquids

Heating liquids

  • Heating a liquid can turn it turn into a gas.
    • Heating water (liquid) enough will turn water into water vapour (gas).
    • A liquid turns into a gas when it evaporates.

The Temperatur of Changes of State

We can investigate the temperature that different materials change state.

Thermometers

Thermometers

  • We can measure the change in temperature by using a thermometer.
    • Thermometers measure the temperature scale in degrees Celsius (°C).
Ice melts and water freezes

Ice melts and water freezes

  • Ice (solid) melts and water (liquid) freezes at the same temperature.
    • Ice melts to water when the temperature goes above 0°C.
    • Water freezes to ice when the temperature goes below 0°C.
Water evaporates

Water evaporates

  • Water (liquid) evaporates to water vapour (gas) when the temperature goes above 100°C.
Water vapour condenses

Water vapour condenses

  • Water vapour (gas) condenses to water (liquid) when the temperature goes below 100°C.
Other materials

Other materials

  • Different materials have different melting and evaporating points.
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Practice questions on Changes of State

Can you answer these? Test yourself with free interactive practice on Seneca — used by over 10 million students.

  1. 1
    What are the correct names for these changes of state?True / false
  2. 2
    What is it called when a liquid changes to a gas?Multiple choice
  3. 3
    What is it called when a liquid changes to a solid?Multiple choice
  4. 4
    What temperature does ice melt at?Multiple choice
  5. 5
    Which of these is true about changes in state?Multiple choice
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States of Matter

The Water Cycle